Dark Ages in Europe free essay sample

Dark Ages is the term that was formerly used to describe the decline of Roman culture and the turmoil in Europe in the 5th and 6th centuries after the collapse of the Roman Empire. Modern historians avoid the term with its implication that only Roman values were civilised values. Many Germanic peoples traveled through Italy, Germany, France, Spain and North Africa, settling wherever they could. Many groups formed their own kingdoms. The label employs traditional light-versus-darkness imagery to contrast the darkness of the period with earlier and later periods of light. Originally, the term characterized the bulk of the Middle Ages (ca. 5th 15th C. ) as a period of intellectual darkness between the extinguishing of the light of Rome and the Renaissance or rebirth from the 14th century onwards. This definition is still found in popular usage, but increased recognition of the accomplishments of the Middle Ages since the 19th century has led to the label being restricted in application. Since the 20th century, it is frequently applied only to the earlier part of the era, the Early Middle Ages (ca. 5th 9th C. ). However, many modern scholars who study the era tend to avoid the term altogether for its negative connotations, finding it misleading and inaccurate for any part of the Middle Ages. The concept of a Dark Age originated with the Italian scholar Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca) in the 1330s, and was originally intended as a sweeping criticism of the character of Late Latin literature. Petrarch regarded the post-Roman centuries as dark compared to the light of classical antiquity. Later historians expanded the term to refer to the transitional period between Roman times and the High Middle Ages (ca. 11th 13th C.), including not only the lack of Latin literature, but also a lack of contemporary written history, general demographic decline, limited building activity and material cultural achievements in general. Popular culture has further expanded on the term as a vehicle to depict the Middle Ages as a time of backwardness, extending its pejorative use and expanding its scope. The idea of a Dark Age originated with Petrarch in the 1330s. Writing of those who had come before him, he said: Amidst the errors there shone forth men of genius; no less keen were their eyes, although they were surrounded by darkness and dense gloom. Christian writers, including Petrarch himself, had long used traditional metaphors of light versus darkness to describe good versus evil. Petrarch was the first to co-opt the metaphor and give it secular meaning by reversing its application. Classical Antiquity, so long considered the dark age for its lack of Christianity, was now seen by Petrarch as the age of light because of its cultural achievements, while Petrarchs time, allegedly lacking such cultural achievements, was seen as the age of darkness. As an Italian, Petrarch saw the Roman Empire and the classical period as expressions of Italian greatness. He spent much of his time travelling through Europe rediscovering and republishing classic Latin and Greek texts. He wanted to restore the classical Latin language to its former purity. Humanists saw the preceding 900-year period as a time of stagnation. They saw history unfolding, not along the religious outline of Saint Augustines Six Ages of the World, but in cultural (or secular) terms through the progressive developments of classical ideals, literature, and art. During the Protestant Reformation of the 16th and 17th centuries, Protestants wrote of the Middle Ages as a period of Catholic corruption. Just as Petrarchs writing was not an attack on Christianity per se -– along with his humanism, he was deeply occupied with the search for God –- neither was this an attack on Christianity: it was a drive to restore what Protestants saw as biblical Christianity. The Magdeburg Centuries was a celebrated work of ecclesiastical history compiled by Lutheran scholars and published between 1559 and 1574. Devoting a volume to each century, it covered the first thirteen centuries of Christianity up to 1298. The work was virulently anti-Catholic. Identifying the Pope as the Antichrist, it painted a dark picture of church history after the fifth century, characterizing it as increments of errors and their corrupting influences In response to the Protestants, Roman Catholics developed a counter-image, depicting the High Middle Ages in particular as a period of social and religious harmony, and not dark at all. The most important Catholic reply to the Magdeburg Centuries was the Annales Ecclesiastici by Cardinal Caesar Baronius. Baronius was a trained historian who kept theology in the background and produced a work that the Encyclop? dia Britannica in 1911 described as far surpassing anything before his day† and that Acton regarded as the greatest history of the Church ever writtenâ€Å". The Annales, covering the first twelve centuries of Christianity up to 1198, was published in twelve volumes between 1588 and 1607. It was in Volume X that Baronius coined the term dark age for the period between the end of the Carolingian Empire in 888 and the first inklings of the Gregorian Reform under Pope Clement II in 1046: The new age (saeculum) which was beginning, for its harshness and barrenness of good could well be called iron, for its baseness and abounding evil leaden, and moreover for its lack of writers (inopia scriptorum) dark (obscurum). Significantly, Baronius termed the age dark because of the paucity of written records capable of throwing light on it for the historian. While some historians, following Baroniuss lead, used dark age neutrally to refer to a dearth of written records, others, in the manner of the early humanists and Protestants (and later the Enlightenment writers and their successors right up to the present day) used it pejoratively, lapsing into that lack of neutrality and objectivity that has quite spoilt the term for many modern historians. The first British historian to use the term was most likely Gilbert Burnet, in the form darker ages, which appears several times in his work in the last quarter of the 17th century. His earliest use of it seems to have been in 1679 in the Epistle Dedicatory to Volume I of The History of the Reformation of the Church of England, where he writes: The design of the reformation was to restore Christianity to what it was at first, and to purge it of those corruptions, with which it was overrun in the later and darker ages. † He uses it again in 1682 in Volume II of the History, where he dismisses the story of St Georges fighting with the dragon as a legend formed in the darker ages to support the humour of chivalryâ€Å". Burnet was a Protestant bishop chronicling how England became Protestant and his use of the term is invariably pejorative During the 17th and 18th centuries, in the Age of Enlightenment, many critical thinkers saw religion as antithetical to reason. For them the Middle Ages, or Age of Faith, was therefore the polar opposite of the Age of Reason. Kant and Voltaire, among others, were vocal in attacking the religiously dominated Middle Ages as a period of social regress, while Gibbon in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire expressed contempt for the rubbish of the Dark Ages. The earliest entry for a capitalised Dark Ages in the Oxford English Dictionary is a reference in Henry Thomas Buckles History of Civilization in England in 1857. Starting and ending dates varied: the Dark Ages were considered by some to start in 410, by others in 476 when there was no longer an emperor in Rome, and to end about 800, at the time of the Carolingian Renaissance under Charlemagne, or to extend through the rest of the 1st millennium. ROMANTICISM In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the Romantics reversed the negative assessment of Enlightenment critics and launched a vogue for medievalism. The word Gothic had been a term of opprobrium akin to Vandal until a few self-confident mid-18th-century English Goths like Horace Walpole initiated the Gothic Revival in the arts. This sparked off an interest in the Middle Ages, which for the following Romantic generation began to take on an idyllic image of the Age of Faith. This image, in reaction to a world dominated by Enlightenment rationalism in which reason trumped emotion, expressed a romantic view of a Golden Age of chivalry. Middle Ages were seen with romantic nostalgia as a period of social and environmental harmony and spiritual inspiration, in contrast to the excesses of the French Revolution and, most of all, to the environmental and social upheavals and sterile utilitarianism of the emerging industrial revolution. When the term Dark Ages is used by historians today, therefore, it is intended to be neutral, namely, to express the idea that the events of the period often seem dark to us because of the paucity of historical records compared with both earlier and later times. However, from the mid-20th century onwards, other historians became critical of even this nonjudgmental use of the term for two main reasons. First, it is questionable whether it is possible to use the term Dark Ages effectively in a neutral way; scholars may intend this, but it does not mean that ordinary readers will so understand it. Second, the explosion of new knowledge and insight into the history and culture of the Early Middle Ages, which 20th-century scholarship has achieved,[means that these centuries are no longer dark even in the sense of unknown to us. To avoid the value judgment implied by the expression, many historians avoid it altogether.

Organising And Staging Major Sport Events †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Organising And Staging Major Sport Events? Answer: Introduction Major sports events comprise of a very vast process. It includes different dimension in it. The economic legacies of major sports events are critical to their sustainability as money is considered as the jack of all trades. The process involved in sports management are planning, organizing, controlling, managing etc. The whole system of the business of the world run through money and sports events are also held and organized to earn money by entertaining the people in the form of audience. Sports are a very good source of entertainment for people across the globe and it brings different people on the same platform to enjoy the event together. There are various types of sports all over the globe like football, cricket, hockey, tennis etc and the most followed sports is soccer. However, when we talk of the largest sports events, we come to the Olympics. The Olympics is the largest Sports event in the world and it has tremendous cultural, social and economic importance. As such, the hos t country and the event organizers are deeply related to the event in a major way. The complexity and importance of designing and delivering major sports events in a sustainable manner The main challenge of designing and delivering a major sports event such as the Olympics is faced when an organization or even the host country organizes it for the first time (Baker, Esherick, 2013). The event has to be designed, fabricated, constructed but the main task is to operate the event. All the strategies and plans are done before hand before executing the events. The main problem lies in the complexity of the event as with vast event comes to a large amount of work and it becomes difficult to manage the workflow as it is quite difficult to choose which task should be executed foremost and it is very necessary to execute the work step by step as it makes the work systematic and keeps a record of each work which has been executed one after the other. The organizer who organizes a sports management follows a lot of program management process to delegate the task. The task includes building infrastructure like hotels for players, making playgrounds, providing transport facili ties to foreign delegates, preparing different types of events for different sports in a case of Olympics and also managing food and water supply for the event (Bill, 2009). Also hiring event management companies to organize a program or function before starting the sports event. The security reason is also a very important aspect in organizing sports management and for that, a specific company is being hired to manage the security of players as the security company hires bouncers for the event. The other complexities include government permission in terms of police affirmation, municipal corporation confirmation, and fire brigade permission also but all in a limited and minimum amount of cost so that the event could sustain and give maximum profit to the organizers. The Olympics are of a huge scale and as a result, these things are seen to occur in a magnified manner in this case. The impacts and implications on stakeholder groups and the importance of incorporating stakeholders in event planning processes The stakeholders are very important in respect of organizing a sporting event in economic basis. The stakes in the Olympics are usually high and there are a lot of willing stakeholders in this case. The Olympics are such an event that the stakeholders would readily be a part of as they expect huge returns. They are the main source of providing or investing money in the project of sports event so they should be given the most importance while organizing a event and they should be updated with the information of the current situation of the event i.e. what is the status of the event, challenges of the event, financial crisis if occurs. If the managing procedure and achieving process are on a correct track then the stakeholders are in support of the organizers as they will get an assurance that their money invested in the event will provide profits which they aimed to earn while investing or else vice versa (Buehler, Nufer, 2014). The interaction with the stakeholders should be handled with care in an effective manner and also in right manner this will aid in emergencies when there will be finance crisis then the stakeholders could provide more money by seeing the genuine work thats why the impact of stakeholders are so high in organizing an event and also the stakeholders should be incorporated so that their identity is legal and the chance of fraud is eliminated (Funk, n.d.). The incorporation is also needed to maintain a record of the whole process as everything should be there in written document with the signature of the stakeholders on it and also of the organizers in respect to the norms and regulations made by the companys law or government laws. The stakeholders should get due importance and care from the organizers as they are the main source of finance for the event. The stakeholders should be given the rights to exercise their decisions and also should have the right to an opinion in organizing and managing the sports event. The value of major sports events to their host community The Olympics are usually hosted by a host country that has a lot depending on the success of the event. To organize an event especially Olympics, the sense of key factors or terms should be kept in mind as the important or key factors play a major role in successful of the event. In organizing an event the hosting should be good i.e. the organizers should hire a good host who has good communication skills to interact with the crowd interestingly and should also possess clear and sound voice so that the people listening to their host understand and the language also be common for the crowd and organizing function like dance programmed to increase the interest of public in the event and also inviting celebrities so that the audience associate with the event by following their role models in form of celebrities (Girginov, 2014). If the correct evaluation of event is made in advance then the organizers could get good sponsorship and deals of marketing as this will increase the buzz of th e event more. The success also depends on the systematic approach i.e. delegation of duties to different employees in accordance with their specialized skills i.e. an electrician should be given work to install electric items, an engineer should be given work of an engineer, an operational manager should be assigned for operations and a management person should be assigned with managing the event (Hoye, Smith, Nicholson, Stewart, 2015). The communication medium should also be good to make aware to the people about the event through promoting and advertising in television, radio, social media, and newspaper to connect with the people. The development of legacy plays a vital role in sports event as it provides various benefit to the event. To develop a better sports event the officers of various heads should be prudent in evaluating the workflow. In tournaments or Olympic games various event have various specialized heads which make the event get executed well.The legacy aid in bring ing the participation of local people into the games through awareness and also it leads to their inclusion in the sporting event as they develop the interest in the game (Javier, Alfonso, Luis, 2015). The various bodies included in developing the sports event are the development agency, permission from government offices, Recreation trust association, corporation body, and skill development council. The objectives of the association are to build the active participation of adult people. The information about the background should be provided to the youngster so that they should get the entire knowledge of the event. The national governing body will aid young children to move from their school level sports to domestic level and from domestic level to state and international level as they will create awareness program in the school and colleges (Jordan, 2011). The development body also aims in providing different types of facilities to the players so that they could horn their skill s and play more effectively in sports event by building good playgrounds for Olympic games, cricket ground, and football ground and also making badminton and tennis court and all this will require investment from the investors. Also, the involvement of local investors will aid the needy and poor people to play and pursue their dreams who are willing to play for their countries and with the help of local sports corporation, it will be easier to extract raw talents from remote areas. The development should also take place in school as school is the best platform to promote games (Karas, 2005). The school management should include sports in it so that various students could get motivated towards sports and they form inclination towards sports and participate in sports competition organized by sports federation. It also makes the student built their career in sports as sports are very interesting areas to built career and it also includes fame and money which makes a person highly succe ssful in life (Westerbeek, 2006). Also, the quality of sports could get enhanced if the high quality of sports equipment provided to players and also the building of sports center in different part of the qualities will have a good check in the interest of the public in sports. The ISO20121 is a standard for the sustainable management system for events like the sports event. It allows the enterprise to maximize the management process of events by taking into account the sustainable of the event (Thornton, Champion, Ruddell, 2012). The standard is applicable to large events like football and cricket tournaments, Olympic Games which took place after every four years and it is the biggest event in the sports as it consists of various events in it and is a very vast process to manage (Local Development Benefits from Staging Global Events, 2008). The standard is also applicable to business conferences, product promotion event and also to social events. This standard helps in maintaining the economic reform of the event by having a check in waste management, reducing carbon pollution emission, crafting the stakeholder's programs, target oriented and optimizing the potential of a supply chain. The standard helps in improving the business standards and enhances su stainability with the limited budget. The issues which are related to economic legacies of the major sports event are very much. Large events like football and cricket world cup or Olympic face a lot of barriers economically because it is difficult to estimate the economic benefit from the event as the evaluation of the profit are overstated (Masterman, 2014). To evaluate the advantage we should not only take into account the employment and production process which comes from building the infrastructure and the ticket sold to the viewers. The speculation about tourism is also not certain because it is difficult to guess how much people could turn into for the sports event and also the opportunity cost is also a matter i.e. whether the money should be spent for sports purpose or for another purpose the answer is difficult to make out. The negative impacts of sports event are that the event that the city is hosting gets overcrowded due to tourism as foreign people visit the city for the sports event, it has an adverse effect on the local community as they get displaced, crime rate increases as different culture of people visit the city and some are loafer types, deforestation took place to build infrastructure for sports and also for roads and railways facilities, the air and noise pollution increase with increase in vehicles in the city by the tourist (Swayne, Dodds, 2011). The positive impact is that it increases economic impacts for the hosting city. There is also increase in GDP of the country as the demand for domestic goods increases, the tourist uses different hotels to stay and buys food from a restaurant and purchase commodities from shops this brings revenue into the economy (Parent, Parent, Chappelet, 2015). The tangible impact is the building of infrastructure with beautiful hotels and intangible legacies are foreign investment and getting high sponsorship from big brands across the globe to the sports event and the significance of all these points are directly related to the economic structure as all these features include money factor in it and this all deliver a successful event and after the post-event it makes the event famous and also the sponsor gets benefited as their sales get increase and also the people develop more interest in the sports. The issues which are raised in above text impact a lot in the sustainability of the major sports event as these issues decide the fate of the sustainability of the sports events (Staging international sporting events. Vol. 1., 2001). If the problems occur most and the solution is not figured out then it will lead to the failure of the sports events but if the strategy is prudent then it will make the event success. Recommendations and conclusion The problems with stakeholders could be best handled while producing the best outcomes for the stakeholders is to develop a good relationship with the stakeholders by the organizers. The interaction and communication should be sound and their queries and issues should be attended well with full attention (Supovitz, 2005). The participation of stakeholders is also important in sports event as they form the basis of the event and their needs and requirement should be assisted well by providing those best facilities. The financial stakeholders should be given assurance of the success of the event by showing them the plan and strategy for the entire sports event and they should be assured that their business should flourish after the event with the sponsorship they provide and their banners should be reflected well when the event took place. The conclusion we could make out from the topic is that everything revolves around the money and this all activity took place to earn money to sustain in the worlds business and money makes money and also entertainment is also required for a happy life and sports event provides entertainment the best to its viewers as it contains a lot of enjoying activity. The key arguments are that the environment should not be exploited for organizing the sporting event and everyone should participate in the sports event as it is a vital part of our lives. References Baker, R., Esherick, C. (2013).Fundamentals of sport management. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Bill, K. (2009).Sport management. Exeter: Learning Matters. Buehler, A., Nufer, G. (2014). Ambush Marketing in Sports.Journal Of Sports Management And Commercialization,5(1), 11-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2381-6937/cgp/v05i01/54099 Funk, D.Consumer behaviour in sport and events. Girginov, V. (2014).Sport Management Cultures. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Hoye, R., Smith, A., Nicholson, M., Stewart, B. (2015).Sport management. London: Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. Javier, I., Alfonso, C., Luis, C. (2015). Sports Management, Leadership in the Organization.Journal Of Physical Education And Sports Management,2(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.15640/jpesm.v2n2a5 Jordan, L. (2011).Sports event management. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub. Karas, G. (2005).On earth. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. Local Development Benefits from Staging Global Events. (2008). [Paris]. Masterman, G. (2014).Strategic sports event management. New York, NY [u.a.]: Routledge. Parent, M., Parent, M., Chappelet, J. (2015).Routledge Handbook of Sports Event Management. Taylor and Francis. Staging international sporting events. Vol. 1.. (2001). London. Supovitz, F. (2005).The sports event playbook. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley Sons. Swayne, L., Dodds, M. (2011).Encyclopedia of sports management and marketing. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, Inc. Thornton, P., Champion, W., Ruddell, L. (2012).Sports ethics for sports management professionals. Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett. Westerbeek, H. (2006).Managing sport facilities and major events. London: Routledge.

Finding the Best Short Research Paper Topics for Middle School English

Finding the Best Short Research Paper Topics for Middle School English All you have to take under consideration is the simple fact a research paper format has broad sections and each section serves a particular function. Specifically, it is all about the rules of citation, for instance, an APA research paper format. If you wish to work fast you should be aware of exactly the objective of your research. This might or might not be an official document. It's significant to adhere to these rules so the post to be up-to-date and properly formatted. Permit the professional academic writers help to your informative paper! Below are the three most important aspects to consider to be certain you select the ideal research paper topics. Writing research papers can lead to a lot of anxiety. Finding the Best Short Research Paper Topics for Middle School English Just take a sheet of plain white paper and be sure that the paper isn't dirty or shabby since it would leave a terrible impression on your reader. If you still feel you need help, even if you've managed to decide on a topic, you may always seek the services of a custom writing service that will help you produce a fabulous research paper of which you'll be proud and will guarantee you a nice mark. P.S. Keep in mind it's possible to contact online academic writers to help in topic selection together with writing the entire paper from A to Z. Showcase your finest insights at the c ommencement of your paper. You've invited your two best friends to devote the afternoon at your residence. Now let's consider a different type of research. If you're allowed to freely choose what things to write all on your own, utilize the chance to make something unique. Compare and contrast your family's house and the house of your dreams. Now you have a great idea of the way to hunt for college research paper topics, you are prepared for some suggestions. For some students, a choice of topic is the easiest part. When you assign the subsequent topics, be certain to provide students with a little guidance about how to get started. Research-based topics require students to assemble information till they write. The Importance of Short Research Paper Topics for Middle School English Finding the most suitable arguments will allow you to prove your point and win. Afterwards, you have to explain the explanations for which you support that side. After you have the topic, answ er the question and after that support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. When you are requested to decide on a great topic for your argument, start with something you're familiarized with. The Upside to Short Research Paper Topics for Middle School English The assignment description supplied by your instructor is your very best resource. If you're interested in your topic, learning about it'll be more pleasurable and you'll write with increased passion, so select your topic thoughtfully. Try them out if you would like to sharpen your abilities. English language classes usually call for a lot of writing. It's needless to say that you should choose a subject that you regard as interesting. In case the topic is too narrow, you might find it difficult to discover the appropriate literature. To get an intriguing topic you should plan it beforehand. Don't neglect to settle on a topic that interest you. The Hidden Facts About Short Research Paper Topics for Middle School English When you have questions about if it's the tutor is appropriate for you or if you'd like advice for your special situation, don't hesitate to E-mail me using the E-mail Jeff S. button on my Wyzant tutor home page. As soon as you get the prompt, attempt to correct the academic format with the support of numerous free online writing guides. Students can't decide on the very first idea they see on the internet or in the print media it's about choosing fantastic research paper topics on the relevant difficulties. The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Think of what y ou could do in order to make your school more beautiful. On the flip side, the ordinary student who enters college with an undeclared big changes only a couple of times. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, overall, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no real way to provide a free college education as colleges would still have to be funded (likely through tax dollars).

Topics For Research Paper In Business Management

Topics For Research Paper In Business ManagementIf you are planning to write a research paper on business, it is recommended that you include topics for research paper in business management. Not only can this be useful when writing a research paper, but it will also be helpful for understanding research work.Topics for research paper in business management include issues such as the nature of business, the future of business, and how to get around. The nature of business is something that is very important to address. Of course, one can address the past of business. However, if one has done business in the past, they should at least spend some time analyzing the present.After analyzing the present situation, one can look into the possible future of business. For example, you can talk about a company that has been around for years, yet is now struggling. A company that is taking advantage of the current situation may be working for a few years, then will close because of an economic downfall.There are many examples of companies that are thriving while others are struggling. Knowing what companies are doing right and how to stay on top will help you achieve success.Topics for research paper in business management should also include discussing the challenges facing the present, the future, and the present situation. This is because the past and present will be over. In the future, businesses will be able to tackle the challenges by applying techniques and strategies to overcome those challenges.When talking about the present situation, it is important to point out that there are also no guarantees. There will be challenges that come up, problems that arise, and difficulties that are encountered. In order to survive and succeed, a company must have solutions to these problems.The future of business is something that is important to consider, as it will affect the present situation will affect the future. One example is the use of the internet, which will help bus inesses overcome their problems.Topics for research paper in business management should not be avoided. As long as one plans to study business management in the future, this is an important part of the written work.

Writing an Essay That Inspires You

Writing an Essay That Inspires YouThe purpose of an essay when it comes to college admissions is to let a reader see what you've accomplished, what your future goals are, and the reason you're writing your college essay. An important part of this is to write an essay that's both creative and challenging.Why do you want to attend college? The answer is important, and the fact that you're in college is even more important. The fact that your answers are coming from you is more important.An essay that gives some insight into your personality and personal history is also helpful because it can give the reader a deeper understanding of who you are and what you hope to gain from the experience. Writing your essay is all about what you want, how you want to get there, and how you think you can make a difference.You need to be clear about your reasoning when it comes to why you want to attend college. Without a concrete answer to this question, the essay writer can't expect to get the respon se they're looking for. And that's not the result you want.Now, when it comes to your current position and goals, keep in mind that there are many reasons why do you want to attend college. You may feel that you're motivated by your desire to go to college or you may feel that this is the best career for you. Whatever your reasons, you should be clear about them so the essay writer will know what to expect.There are many great topics for your why do you want to attend college essay that can help you inspire yourself and get you inspired for the future. While many people may be good at writing essays about careers, most people aren't great at talking about why they're inspired by something or how they find inspiration. Remember that an essay is intended to bring a unique perspective to the situation, so your why do you want to attend college essay should do that for you.When it comes to exploring your reasons for wanting to attend college, it's a good idea to stay as objective as pos sible and highlight the positives and negative reasons that you can possibly have for going. And if you've been thinking about going to college for a while and want to get started early, it's a good idea to describe your plan for how to get there.It's also important to get the answers to all of the questions you've asked about why do you want to attend college out of the way before you start your essay. By taking your time, you can take some serious steps toward writing your college admission essay.

Research Paper Topics for Farmers

Research Paper Topics for FarmersAn agricultural research paper topic allows the research student to get involved in an area of study that has a broad range of possibilities. The field of study is not limited to one particular scientific field, such as the study of plants or animals. There are a variety of research areas in agriculture that can be studied to gain a good understanding of the ways that nature and man interact with each other. A variety of agriculture research papers topics will allow the student to move from one study area to another.Many new crops are being developed each year, and new methods of farming are being developed as well. The type of crops that are likely to be developed in the near future, and those that are developed in the future are very different. Agricultural research paper topics allow the student to gain a thorough understanding of the world of agriculture, the steps that have been taken to find solutions to problems, and to examine trends that have been apparent over time.A variety of different research study topics have become popular in recent years. There are agricultural research paper topics that have been built around specific crops or animals. Other areas of agriculture are explored through agricultural research paper topics that focus on the way that agriculture is conducted in different parts of the world.One of the major problems facing the world of farmers and the farm economy is the problem of soil erosion. The farms and ranches have gone through several types of improvements, but some of the methods that have been implemented have not been sufficient to provide the farmers with the high quality of soil that they need. This is a problem that will continue to grow, as the ability to grow food has expanded, but the problems that have caused the erosion will continue to exist as long as there are people who use the earth as their source of food.Research paper topics for farmers are quite varied, and as a result, a go od number of these paper topics are based around the needs of different types of farms. Some examples of agricultural research paper topics for farmers include ways of preventing soil erosion, and ways of providing food for those people who have been forced to resort to grow their own foods. The type of crops that are grown in different areas also need to be given adequate attention in research study topics.Farming is one of the most important industries in the world today. It is something that many people depend on for their livelihood, and there are few people who do not depend on farming as their primary source of income. There are many different areas of agricultural research study topics that are needed to make agriculture a viable source of income. By taking advantage of these research paper topics, you will not only be improving your own farming business, but you will also be helping to improve the economic conditions of those who use agriculture as their primary source of in come.The types of problems that require agricultural research paper topics are broad. They range from specific issues regarding the various ways that farming is practiced, to more general issues related to the education of the future farmers. There are also different types of agricultural research study topics that are needed by the different groups that use agriculture as their main source of income. There are several types of farming that are practiced around the world, and the needs of the farmers have to be properly addressed.

Organizational Culture

Compare and contrast of organizational climate with organizational culture In comparing and contrasting organizational climate with organization culture, I have learned from studying the Army Field Manual on Army Leadership and from other readings that organizational climate is shaped by organizational culture.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organizational command climate of a unit is reflected in the behavior of the members. Even if organizational culture is invisible to the naked eye, its power to shape an organization is visibly manifested in the behavior of the unit. The behavior of the unit is influenced by how the members interpret the culture that exists within a particular organization. The unit’s behavior is therefore rooted in the group’s shared beliefs and values. When confronted with a situation, a particular member need n ot consult the manuals, he/she simply reacts based on the type of organizational culture instilled within him. At the same time, his behavior is conformed to the behavior of the group. In the Army, there are two things that stand out when it comes to organizational culture and these are leadership and team work. When a group of individuals are immersed in this particular culture, it will not take long before they experience the transforming power of shared beliefs. When this organizational culture is a part of the unit’s daily life, then, it is the framework used to accomplish the task at hand. Contrast After reading FM-622, I realized that there is a big difference between organizational climate and organizational culture (Field Manual 6-22, 8-4). An organizational culture requires a great length of time to form. On the other hand, an organizational climate requires very little time to manifest because it is an automatic reaction based on how an individual, leader, and group reacts to a particular situation or task at hand. It is, therefore, important to inculcate the positive influence of organizational culture as quickly as possible. Organizational culture provides a clear directive and at the same time compels members of the group to behave in an acceptable manner. Compare and Contrast situational awareness with situational understanding The common denominator between situational awareness and situational understanding is information. Both are based on effective use of information and knowledge management. Information and knowledge management is the byproduct of surveillance and other forms of data acquisition that enable leaders to make informed and timely decisions regardless of the challenges imposed by different circumstances.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An effective use of knowledge and information management enables commanders to have a clear vision of the tactical requirements involved in a mission. At the same time it provides clear directives to subordinates. The absence of situational awareness and situational understanding forces the leader to make hasty decisions that can endanger the lives of his subordinates. It is, therefore, important for commanders to have access to quality information. At the same time, they must have the capability to sort, store, and analyze information collated through different types of data gathering schemes. They must have the ability to access needed information at a moment’s notice in order to make quick decisions. More importantly, commanders must have the ability to analyze the information that they possess in order to utilize it more efficiently in order to enhance the unit’s decision-making process. The absence of situational awareness and situational understanding can easily lead to defeat. Contrast At first glance, situational awareness and situati onal understanding are synonymous. But upon closer examination, it can be argued that situational awareness is a leader’s less refined interpretation of information at hand. It implies an immediate reaction to raw data made available through different types of surveillance strategies. Situational understanding on the other hand is a more sophisticated application of the information and knowledge management system. Situational understanding is a careful analysis of the different variable involved leading to a more accurate and informed decision. Situational awareness requires little effort and little experience. But situational understanding not only requires a more disciplined analysis of the information available to commanders, it also requires experience so that the commander can fully appreciate the information made available to him. Compare and Contrast Operational art and Operational design Operational art is linked to operational design because commanders are unable to develop a clear vision of the battlefield and how to execute their strategies if they do not understand the importance of operational design. A commander must learn to develop operational design first using principles gleaned from the study of full spectrum operations (Field Manual 3-0, 7-19). These are the byproducts of the careful utilization of end state, center of gravity, and lines of effort and other principles of operational design. It is the first requirement before engaging in a mission. The commander must be able to develop an operational design that considers every known variable. Operational design is an important first step but without operational art a commander will be unable to have a holistic understanding of the operational environment. Operational art enables the commander not only to have a clear overview of the operations but also the ability to dynamically manipulate the different elements of the operational design and translate it into tactics and strategies f or his subordinates to follow and execute.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Operational art is synonymous to effective leadership because it is the effective use of resources to move equipment and personnel in order to accomplish a particular goal. Operational art goes hand-in-hand with operational design because these two systems enable the commander to have a deeper understanding of the environment and the problem surrounding a particular task. Contrast Operational design and operational art compliment each other but these are two different concepts when it comes to accomplishing a particular goal. Operational design focuses more on operations and tactics. It is a more detailed understanding of the different elements involved in a particular mission. Operational art on the other hand considers other factors that cannot be analyzed quantitatively. Oper ational art is much broader vision of the task at hand. It enables commanders to see the big picture and connects the different factors involved. Operational art enables commanders to understand the importance of fighting a war and the need to deter war. Operational art enables commanders to understand the importance of resolving conflict and promoting peace. Operational design on the other hand is limited to accomplishing the task at hand. Operational art is the ability to consider the long-term effect of a particular action. It is important to have this capability in order for the commander to develop an accurate time-table when to engage and when to end a particular conflict. It is an important framework for decision-making processes because it understands the other elements involve in a particular mission or conflict. Works Cited Field Manual 3-0. Operations. Washington, D.C.: Army Headquarters, 2001. Print. Field Manual 6-22. Army Leadership. Washington, D.C.: Army Headquarters , 2006. Print. This case study on Organizational Culture was written and submitted by user Lauren D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Organizational Culture