Egypt Essay :: essays research papers

Throughout the ages religion has been an important p stratagem of mans life. Even today many quite a littles lives are influenced by the teachings of their ghostlike backgrounds. In ancient Egypt however, religion was the single more or less important influence on the civilization. It touched virtually every aspect of Egyptian life.One of the most obvious examples of this is in Egyptian burial. Burial and the preservation of the body was a very important aspect of the culture. It was due to the fact that they believed that the better your body was keep the happier you were in the afterlife. Even the embalmers had to shave all their body hairs so they would not contaminate the dead soulfulness. The person had their major organs removed and preserved in canopic jars, which were watched by the designated gods. Also, the casket the person was buried in always had a likeness of the person on the front. This was for the Ka to recognize when it came back to the body at night. Also, th e person was buried with perfume jars and food to take with them to the afterlife. Obviously death, burial and the afterlife, was a major part of Egyptian life that was touched a great bear on by religion.Another major aspect of Egyptian life that was heavily influenced by religion was art. Almost all paintings and other forms of art were either through with(p) for the gods or representing the gods or pharaohs. Artists were even considered some of the highest members of society because they did work for the deities. An interesting fact about Egyptian art was the awkward position the bodies were in. All people depicted in the artwork were standing sideways with every body part visible. No one knows for certain why the people were depicted that way, but it is common belief that it was necessary to show all body parts so the gods wouldnt get angry for being misrepresented. Another interesting observation about Egyptian art is that it stayed, virtually, the same from the Old Kingdom into the New Kingdom. This was because they thought what they did was perfect and to change it would change their perfect life and afterlife. This proves that Egyptian art is another aspect of the culture that was greatly influenced by religion.Finally the last and most important aspect of the culture that was affected by religion, was everyday life.

Causes of the Flu Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Why We Still Get the influenzaThis winter, media reports of early in fluenza (flu) deaths in American and British children sparked a panic that is spreading throughout the United States and the world. People are currently rushing to get flu shots to castigate to prevent this virus, which can be temporarily debilitating and even lead to death (1). With readily available flu vaccination and medication, it is a wonder that the flu is still an extant disease. In fact, in any given socio-economic class, the flu kills about 15 million people world wide, more people than are killed by AIDS, lung cancer, and heart disease combined (2). With so much modern medical technology, why is it that we are still getting the flu?Influenza, commonly cognise as the flu, is a virus that infects the trachea (windpipe) or bronchi (breathing tubes) (1). Strains of the flu may belong to one of three different influenza virus families, A, B, or C (3). Symptoms embroil high fever, chills, severe muscle ach es, headache, runny nose, and cough. Complications can lead to pneumonia. Those most at risk of dying from the flu or contracting complications include asthmatics, people with sickle cell disease, people with long diseases of the heart, kidney, or lungs, people with diabetes, those who have weakened immunity from cancer or HIV/AIDS, children on long-term aspirin therapy, women who are on their second or third trimester of pregnancy, children under the age of nine, and adults over the age of 50 (1).Flu shots may be a miracle of modern technology, but they are not received by everyone. The flu is a world-wide problem. While Americans spend $2 billion treating and preventing the flu every year, those countries know as the Third or Developing World simply cannot afford su... ... VA Flu Vaccinehttp//www.fin.org/n_flu.html9)Fujian flu vaccine ready by next year news article on the Star Online, a Malaysian Newspaper.http//www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=10)ScienceDaily New Releas e Australian National University Scientists Find Genetic elicitation For The 1918 Spanish Fluhttp//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/09/010907081636.htm11)WHO 50th Smallpox Eradication, Site Commemorating the 50th anniversary of the World Health Organization.http//www.who.int/governance/en/smallpox.htm12)FluMist No More Flu Shots? , On the Mayo Clinic website.http//www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?objectid=591BCB8D-4339-4653-86B9311B648BF02113)ScienceDaily News Release A Better FLU Vaccine? Nasal Spray Vaccine May Give More aegis Against Drifted Strains http//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/12/031209081457.htm

Social Psychology and the Stanford Prison Experiment by Philip Zimbardo

Social psychology is an empirical science that studies how people think about, influence, and relate to 1 a nonher. This field focuses on how individuals view and affect one another. Social psychology also produces the idea of construals which represent how a person perceives, comprehends or interprets the environment. Construals introduce the idea that people want to make themselves look obedient to others and they want to be seen as right. It is also said that the social setting in which people interact impacts mien, which brings up the idea of behaviorism. Behaviorism is the idea that behavior is a function of the person and the environment.The ideas of social psychology mentioned above stern be applied to the Stanford Prison Experiment in which the environment, the participants, and construals brought about behaviors that may not have been how the participants actually would behave in real life. The Stanford Prison Experiment was conducted in 1971 by Philip Zimbardo of Stanfo rd University. The purpose of the experiment was a landmark study of the merciful response to captivity, in particular, to the real world circumstances of prison life. In social psychology, this idea is known as mundane naive realism. Mundane realism refers to the ability to mirror the real world as much as possible, which is just what this study did. Twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned to play the role of captive or guard and they were made to conform to these roles. Subjects became so entranced in these roles that the guards started to behave as if they really were the guards of a true prison. Zimbardo had told them to think of themselves in this focus and it led to the guards mentally abusing the prisoners with their cruel and degrading ro... ...ion people based on the orders of Adolf Hitler and his henchmen. In reference to the two situations, one participant of the study said that anybody can be a guard, but not every one becomes sadistic. This saying can be applie d to real life situations, especially that of the New island of Jersey incident.These occurrences can be analyzed using social psychology because the environment, the situation, and those holding the authority influenced the behavior of others. Due to these influences, prisoners and guards acted on the roles they were given, in the way that society sees them. The description, in itself, is the definition of social psychology. Works CitedRatnesar, Romesh. July/August 2011. The Menace Within. Stanford Magazine, pp. 1-9.Smothers, Ronald. (1998, February 6). Asylum Seekers Testify on Abuse by Jail Guards. The New York Times, pp. 1A, 9A.

Rugby is Better than Sex :: Personal Narrative Sports Athletics Papers

Rugby is Better than SexAn imitation of Surfing is better than sexI USED TO LOOK AT THE SENIOR BOYS PLAYING THAT abrasive GAME rugby and just wonder at the courage that they possessed. Never in my mind did I see myself as a rugby player. It is straight I was bigger than many of the people on the group but that did not mean I had half the courage. That was way back in my premier(prenominal) years at Budo high school. Then one day, a rugger by the name of Yustus reached off to me. KESA, he called out my nickname. You should try out rugby with us one of these days, he added. Rugby is a very small club sport at Lafayette and has a lot of challenges. During orientation, I haply met up with a team member called Mike who told me about Lafayette rugby. He told me that the team did not have a coach and we are trying to spend a penny in as many freshmen as possible. I replied that I had a lot of experience, having played rugby for about 5 years, and I would cope to join. When we had our first rugby meet, it was on a small quad in front of one of the nine fraternities. This quad was the antithesis of the real big fields I was used to one could hardly run a forty-yard dash on it. Well, after a couple of weeks playing on the quad, we were able to head out to Metzgar fields. These are a set of fields for lacrosse, soccer, baseball, and football practice and there is also provision for rugby. In the middle of all other sports grounds, our rugby team found a somewhat full size field. The first engagement we had for the season was a home match against Lehigh University and this was one of best indorses for the entire season. We went into this game as the underdogs, but that did not inhibit my team from maneuvering well. We were not expected to win, so all we did is have fun giving Lehigh a decent challenge. On many occasions, I would run with the ball and stop just a couple of yards away from the goal line. My teammates were always there to support me whenever I w ent with the ball. I remember one time when a Lehigh player broke through the scrum and was heading towards our goal.

Ray Bradburys The Martian Chronicles Essay -- Ray Bradbury Martian Ch

Ray Bradburys The Martian ChroniclesIf the Martian Chronicles had been written in the 1999s instead of fifty years ago, legion(predicate) issues and problems would change. Ray Bradbury wrote his book in 1946. In it he wrote about problems such as censorship, slices cruelty to objet dart, and loneliness. Each issue shows up in one or two of his chronicles. All of his issues affect every one of his characters in many different ways.Censorship is a main problem or issue today, and in the book it shows up in one of his chronicles, Usher II. In this chronicle, a man builds a house of Usher. One man points (he was from a group that was against all forms of imagination) out, No books, no houses, nothing to be produced which in any way suggests ghosts, vampires, fairies, or any creature of imagination. Yet in this house he saw all of these things and much. The chronicle also brings up the issue of censoring certain books by authors such as Edgar Allen Poe. The house that is build is bas ed on a house that is in one of Poes books. The unimaginative man is ignorant to the facts of Edgar A. P.s books and does not even recognize the pleasant of death he was about to face that was directly copied out of a book. If it were to happen today and now, the only books that would be allowed would be schoolbooks, and even those books could not consider theories. That is the way censorship is brought up in the book. Today, however, it affects more than just books. It is used in movies, TV, news, magazines, and the Internet. Words, obscenity, and some vulgar things butt be kept from the viewing audience. They can keep certain people, those seventeen and younger from seeing movies, TV, or Internet sites. In the book one character makes a point of saying, ignorance is fatal.Mans cruelty to man is another issue in the Martian Chronicles that is and was a problem in the real world. In the book, it shows up in three chronicles, Ylla, The finish off Season, and Way in the Middle of the Air. Ylla and The Off Season are more of family cruelty, while Way in the Middle of the Air deals more with racism. Both are reasons that people get hurt and even die for no reason. Or for a stupid reason like color or gender. In Ylla, Ylla, or Mrs. K., is noticing that her marriage is not as fun as it used to be and her and her husband dont go out anymore. Bu... ...family pass on Mars. His real family had died years before. He was so lonely that he created robots to replace his dead family. He could not handle the fact that his family had died and left him to conk alone. Many people, if they could, would bring back their diseased family members, loved but unforgotten.Most people miss family and friends that cast moved or died. Some just whitethorn be shy and not have friends. Loneliness is something one cant do anything about. It will happen. You cant even make a law against it because it is a feeling. Some get oer there loneliness by meeting new people, but still others ne ver get over it and live lonely.All of these issues mentioned are important today and it the book. Some have become better of over the last fifty years some have become worse. Other issues not chosen affect life and the world too. Although these issues are still a problem, the world is what it is because of the, be that good or bad. Censorship, mans cruelty to man, and loneliness will affect us even if we are on another planet. However that does not mean that we shouldnt furnish to stop the problem. If we work together we can abolish the wrongs of this world

Gold :: science

GoldGold was discovered around 3000 BC to 1200 BC. Gold probably was found on the ground and used by prehistoric humankind as a tool. Highly advance(a) gilt art objects and jewelry discovered by archaeologists in the Royal Tombs at Ur, in what is now gray Iraq, date back to around 3000 BC. Similarly, goldsmiths of the Chavin cultivation in Peru were making ornaments by hammering and embossing gold by 1200 BC. Where and abundance in nature Since gold is both(prenominal) durable and carefully guarded, some of the gold that has been taken from the Earth still exists. Much of it has been buried again in underground vaults, where it is held in government pecuniary reserves. In 1990 the bullion reserves of the free world were estimated to total some 43,000 tons. Of this, the United States held 11 percent. Gold reserves of South Africa were estimated at some 20,000 tons. in spite of the prevalence of antihoarding laws, another 50,000 tons were believed to be privately held. People a re willing to take enormous risks and short-term financial losses to hoard gold against the possibility of fiscal inflation . The rest of the worlds accumulated gold was held in official stocks by central banks or was industrially employed or lost. now gold may be bought and sold on many markets. The largest is in London, England. Others exist in several nations of continental Europe, in the Middle East, and in Asia. sometime(prenominal) and Current use Gold probably was found on the ground and used by prehistoric man as a tool. Highly sophisticated gold art objects and jewelry discovered by archaeologists in the Royal Tombs at Ur, in what is now Southern Iraq, date back to around 3000 BC. Similarly, goldsmiths of the Chavin civilization in Peru were making ornaments by hammering and embossing gold by 1200 BC. Gold is usually alloyed in jewelry to give it more strength, and the term karat describes the amount of gold present (24 carats is pure gold). It is estimated that all the g old in the world, so far refined, could be placed in a single stoppage 60 ft. on a side. It is metallic, with a yellow color when in a mass, but when finely divided it may be black, ruby, or purple. It is the most malleable and ductile metal 1 ounce (28 g) of gold can be beaten out to 300 square feet.

Gold :: science

GoldGold was observed around 3000 BC to 1200 BC. Gold belike was found on the ground and utilise by prehistoric man as a tool. Highly sophisticated gold art objects and jewelry discovered by archaeologists in the Royal Tombs at Ur, in what is now Southern Iraq, date back to around 3000 BC. Similarly, goldsmiths of the Chavin civilization in Peru were making ornaments by pound sterling and embossing gold by 1200 BC. Where and abundance in nature Since gold is both durable and carefully guarded, most of the gold that has been taken from the Earth still hold outs. untold of it has been buried again in underground vaults, where it is held in government monetary reserves. In 1990 the bullion reserves of the free world were estimated to total some 43,000 tons. Of this, the linked States held 11 percent. Gold reserves of South Africa were estimated at some 20,000 tons. Despite the prevalence of antihoarding laws, another 50,000 tons were believed to be privately held. People are unb idden to take enormous risks and short-term financial losses to hoard gold against the possibility of fiscal inflation . The rest of the worlds accumulated gold was held in positive stocks by central banks or was industrially employed or lost. Today gold may be bought and sold on many markets. The largest is in London, England. Others exist in several nations of continental Europe, in the Middle East, and in Asia. Past and Current use Gold probably was found on the ground and used by prehistoric man as a tool. Highly sophisticated gold art objects and jewelry discovered by archaeologists in the Royal Tombs at Ur, in what is now Southern Iraq, date back to around 3000 BC. Similarly, goldsmiths of the Chavin civilization in Peru were making ornaments by hammering and embossing gold by 1200 BC. Gold is ordinarily alloyed in jewelry to give it more strength, and the term carat describes the amount of gold present (24 carats is pure gold). It is estimated that all the gold in the world , so far refined, could be placed in a single cube 60 ft. on a side. It is metallic, with a yellow color when in a mass, but when finely divided it may be black, ruby, or purple. It is the most malleable and ductile metal 1 ounce (28 g) of gold can be beaten out to 300 square feet.

Sports In Schools

Sports in civilises Ellen Reardon 5th hour Blessing May 6, 2014 About 6 million high school boys and girls participate in team sports on the courts, in the pools, on the fields, and in the gyms. The amount of stress caused by sports often is insignificant compared to other sources such as family problems, peer conflicts, school pressures, etc. Sports also helps students diddle out to manage with stress.The topic of whether or not schools should keep sports programs has been discussed among many school presentiments over the past few years. Students direct sports in school for many reasons. Sports can help with stress, focus, grades, and over all motivation. Keeping sports in schools can help students with a lot more than undecomposed nurtureting exercise. Sports are a huge stress reliever for some students. They can distract students from the stress of school and stress from home.By doing this it can clear a students mind for some time giving them the time to relax ND have fun c ompeting. Sports also can help students build some multifariousness of a reliable and hardworking attitude. Sports teach students to be respectful of their coaches while also teaching a team how to rely on each other. Students learn how to respect not only themselves but other people around them. On the other hand sports do cost a lot of coin that the schools could spend on other things like new textbook, computers, or lab equipment.There are also ate night games or meets the may make students get home late and not have the energy to complete assignments. Sports may cost a lot of time and money but they are thus far important. Those 6 million high school athletes would agree that sports are important in school. There are many reason why sports help student, physically and mentally. They help as a stress reliever, as a distraction from the hard work of school, and they help in building good moral character.

A Study of Human Flesh Search and Its Social and Ethical Issues

Abstract Human Flesh Search (HFS) is mavin of the biggest Chinese internet phenomena. It has attracted striking interest from IT specialists, legalists, sociologists and criminologists. This essay analyses how HFS works based on a typical case of the Kitten Killer and then the advantages and disadvantages of HFS were canvassed. In addition, the social and respectable issues skirt HFS will be investigated. Finally, a solution will be presented, concentrating specifically on the importance of keeping a balance between information and power.With the advance number of Chinese netizens and the development of internet forums, blogs and BBS (Bulletin Board System) technology, freedom of information is becoming much and more common. As a result, a variation in online search -Human Flesh Search has appe ard and grown rapidly in recent age. It is defined as a Chinese internet phenomenon that uses massive estimator mediated participation to purify the information from search engines an d internet media.What is revolutionary is the way that humans, instead of machines, actually deal with the search questions and therefore there is increase accuracy in the search results. Thats why it is considered as a human flesh search, humans do the searching. Here is s an exercising that can help people understand more deeply how HFS works. Early in the year of 2006, a horrible video of a smiling char killing a kitten by stomping on it with the sharp point of her high heel, was uploaded and spread through the internet.Most people were angry at this untamed mien, so they turned to the human flesh search engine to find out who she was in reality. They hoped justice could be done and their purpose was to punish her by exposing and shaming her in front of her neighbours, families, friends and colleagues. In the Mop forum (http//dzh. mop. com/), a user even wrote Find her and kick her to death like she did to the kitten With a perspective asking Is there a front-facing photo s o we can see her more clearly? , the human flesh search had begun.Netizens traced the e-mail address associated with the target to a server in Hangzhou city. A follow-up post asked about where the video was taken Are users from Hangzhou familiar with this place? Locals reported that there was nowhere in Hangzhou that looked like the backdrop in the video. Furthermore, the story was reported on television and in newspapers as the extension of the event, and people all around china saw the kitten killers photo. I know this woman, wrote the user Im Not Desert Angel four days after(prenominal) the search began. She continued with Shes not in Hangzhou.She lives in a small town in northeastern China. God, shes a nurse Thats all I can say. Only six days after the first Mop post about the video, the kitten killer was found in Luobei city, and her name Wang Jiao was made public, as well as her phone number and her employer. The perpetrator Wang Jiao and the cameraman who filmed her were fired from what the Chinese call iron strain bowls government jobs that have a good salary and a work guarantee. From this kitten killer case, it is obvious that the HFS is highly efficient. It does display an awe-inspiring power.Wang Jiaos life had been ruined in just 6 days. She lost her good job, and it would be almost impossible for her to get a new one. Most importantly, she would be thought of as a cruel, mad person by others and would be hated or treated unfairly in society. She has paid for her mistake. But it is questionable about whether she deserved such severe punishment. This is only one of the cases. There are a number of positive and controvert cases which have happened over the end few years. In recent years, the Human Flesh Search has become an international web phenomenon.From 2001 to May 2010, there were a total number of 405 episodes which had occurred in the world, with 392 taking place in China, 6 in the USA, 2 in Japan, 2 in Korea, 2 in the UK, 1 in Fran ce and 1 in Lithuania. (Fei-Yue, et al. , 2010) Figure 1 plots the number of HFS episodes quarterly over this time. (Fei-Yue, et al. , 2010)As we can see from the bar chart, HFS has become more popular in the past 2 years and it is still very popular now. Why is it able to retain its popularity? There must be some advantages to it. The human flesh search has five advantages.Firstly, imputable to its human flesh feature, the human being can accurately understand the users search question, and manually collect and sort out information. Therefore, it is more accurate than an automated search machine. Secondly, it gathers the power of crowds to make it easier and quicker to share information, thereby increasing working efficiency. For example, it does a great job in portion people looking for missing relatives after a disaster. Thirdly, it provides a free-speaking space which helps with making better decisions and solving social problems.Fourthly, the politicians in power are superint end by public opinion which can reduce bribery and corruption. Fifthly, HFS uncovers the scandals, digs out the accuracy, condemns the grievances and therefore plays a significantly deterrent role on impact ethics. These five advantages are the reasons why HFS has not been eliminated by the Chinese government and its popularity increases. However, it also has some undeniable risks. The HFS has some disadvantages that cannot be ignored. Firstly, it can easily pass along the moral bottom line as it is virtual and uncontrollable. Some people might even lie to gain benefit from it.Secondly, it can cause a conflict of interest among different groups. Thirdly, it can infringe human rights and privacy that lead to harassment. Most importantly, some peoples lives whitethorn be disadvantageously and negatively affected by the exposure of their private life and cyber violence. The biggest issue in human flesh search is the invasion of privacy. Privacy is defined as a citizens basic right and should be protected despite the fact that a person did something untimely or not. It is obvious that HFS is against the privacy law of nature but people still use it as a way to punish immorality.It leaves a question about how to avoid this special form of online vigilante justice becoming a trigger of privacy infringement. Another issue we need to worry about is deception in the HFS. It is really gravid to nominate whether the purpose of a posted request is cattish or not. If the requestor has a hidden purpose, it would be so unfair for the person who is harassed by the wrong criticism and condemnation. Studying the advantages and disadvantages of human flesh search and the issues caused by it, shows that it is important to keep a balance between information and power.To achieve this, it has something to do with command and boundary. China has the highest number of HFS episodes in the world. The main cause of this situation is the lack of legislation leading to the lack of privacy awareness of the Chinese netizens. Although there are some laws in China to protect privacy, the legislation to protect privacy for entanglements is really weak. This issue is only related to in some relevant laws, such as the Computer Information Network and the Internet Interim Provisions on the implementation of the anagement approach. Article 18 provides Shall not distribute malicious information on the network, send a message in the fraudulent use of others name, violating the privacy of others.Computer Information Network and the Internet Security shelter and Management Measures Article 9 states The users freedom and privacy of correspondence are protected by law, any unit or individualist shall not be violation of the law and violations of freedom and privacy of correspondence of users using the Internet. The Peoples Republic of China Telecommunications Regulations Article 58 provides that any organization or individual shall not Engage in activities of stealing or damaging others information, and damaging the legitimate rights and interests of others in the use of Telecommunications network. (Guang&Zechao, 2010)These provisions provided a certain legal basis for the network to protect privacy, but they are too simple and general in terms of the answerableness of severe consequences caused by human flesh search.The punishments provide no deterrent for people who are tempted to maliciously damage others through HFS. Also, the juridical operation is hard to implement. For every HFS episode, a large number of netizens are involved and therefore it is difficult to identify and charge the culprit. In order to avoid the tragedy that may be caused by HFS, it is important for the Chinese to take some action, even though this will be complicated due to the special features of HFS and the current delicate Chinese legislative situation.Below are some countermeasures and suggestions for the improvement of the situation that may have arisen through H uman Flesh Search use. They are broadly about reaching the balance between information and power. Firstly, some protection can be acquired through legislation. The government should enact a clear and strong-minded law to prohibit unauthorized netizens from stealing and illegally publishing anothers personal information. Besides, there should be a specific law for online behavior to control the netizens from deliberate harassment.Secondly, by using the technology, the network organizations should enhance their supervision and controllability of the forum and information audit. They should keep a close watch on the online activities so that if something impropriate happens, they would be able to block or stop that immediately. Another important measure is to deal with this issue through internet regulation. The government should introduce a real-name registration system for bloggers and internet forum users. Finally, every netizen should enhance self-protection awareness and prevent ive measures.Also, they need to have the ability to distinguish between truth and deception. There must be a balance between trust and skepticism. The Chinese Government can help this by promoting internet safety and lay up some specific consultants. The rising Human Flesh search phenomenon has become a big challenge for both Chinese citizens and government. It has exerted a long influence to not only network, but also the society. The statistic and situation that have been analysed also show that it is impossible to ban the HFS.However, it is of the highest importance to make every one realise the possible damages and consequences that HFS could cause so that all can be made aware of it. After a discussion of the advantages, disadvantages , social and ethical issues involved with HFS, it can be observed that a balance between information and power must be achieved. Some countermeasures and suggestions have been provided to ameliorate the negative features of HFS. It is time for p eople to take action to reduce future possible harm to the lowest degree and to fully take advantage of it.

Benihana of Tokyo Essay

Benihana of Tokyo has been very successful for the last 40 years since 1964. From a small restaurant, it has developed into a chain of themed restaurants. The success of Benihana has been attributed to the brilliant total quality management (TQM) do work especially in maintaining the overall exotic ambience and the high quality viands provided. All these strengths contribute to providing an red-letter dining experience to its consumers and are reflected in their ability to retain consumers which is shown in exhibit 4 such that 65. % of their customers are return customers. Benihana is able to minimize exist effectively without affecting the quality of food and service provided. From Exhibit 1, total costs of sales are kept to 35-45% of total sales. Their attempt to reduce run costs is likewise reflected through a reasonable net profit margin of 0. 5-9% of sales. Benihana made use of floor space efficiently to decrease sweat costs and rent. The elimination of the conventional kitchen with the hibachi arrangement appropriates the company to keep labor costs low and at the same time, give huge mensuration of attentive service.This boosted its dining experience, through constant interaction with consumers. Benihana in any case focuses on toughenedting up their businesses in areas with high traffic, especially in the business order areas. Rent is usually higher in these areas. By using floor space more efficiently, Benihana is able to serve more consumers during peak period and allow for more sales to cover the higher rental costs. The concept that Benihana adopts is that consumers are served at their tables with freshly prepared food by the chef.By just providing 3 menus to consumers, this reduces food costs and wastage. Benihanas lower food costs are also reduced through the use of fresh ingredients, where storage is minimized. The main process combine of a Benihana restaurant is different from a typical restaurant. In Benihana, the orders for the s oup, salad and beverages taken by the waiter while the order for the main dish is taken directly to the chef. This allows Benihana to quicken the process flow, and make it more efficient, as it eliminated the waiting time in ordering and receiving their orders.As the food is freshly prepared, the production flow is very short as there is limited movement to the food being moved from the storage area to the tables where food is being prepared. As food is being served on the spot after being cooked, this allows Benihana to maintain their quality of the food, and this satisfies consumers as shown in their feedback in Exhibit 4, where food is the main highlight of Benihana restaurants. Benihana is also able to reduce labor costs through the use of a simple management structure in each of their restaurant.In addition, chefs and waiters would clear the dishes and set the table for the next customer, unlike the use of cleaners in typical restaurants. This also reduces labor costs. Benihan a success is also attributed to their TQM system where the management also emphasizes the enormousness of quality control in every employees responsibility. They emphasize quality in their inputs like the high quality food provided, and the sources of food are also selected carefully. Benihana also highlight quality in the process of serving their food to their consumers.However, the management of Benihana also faces problems despite their raving success. Their attempts to go into franchising didnt go as planned as Rocky was unwilling to give up its control, and he felt that these franchisees were not well equipped with the experience and knowledge to run a food business, especially one that relates with Japanese culture. In addition, Bill Susha, the head of Operations for Benihana recognizes that if Benihana wants to continue to expand, it will face higher costs in terms of rental as well as shortage of well trained employees.Although Benihana has been proven that their uniquenes s cannot be replicated easily by competitors, critics have been predicting that the uniqueness of Benihana is only a fad and it will not last. As Benihana is providing not only products, but also the service, they should continue to emphasize and improve on their TQM, as in this industry, employees are key input sources and by implementing TQM, there will be positive impacts on the service being delivered.

Western & Native America Medicine

In such a situation, I would prototypical create a good sonorousness between Mr. wolf, his wife and I. I would start by thanking them for visiting the health care centre and for allowing me to run some tests on Mr. Wolf. I would then rede him that it is a good thing to look after our health as this is the only way that we go away be able to live to see tomorrow. As Broome, B. & Broome, R. , (2007) says, the Native Americans value their imposts very much. It is therefore necessary to act as one of them or rather to respect these values and demonstrate to them that they are important.By doing this, I bequeath be able to prescribe some new medication and at the same time, I will be certain that Mr. Wolf will respect and adhere to the directions that I would give him. After examining him, I would give him the antibiotics that he is supposed to take. I would depict to educate him on the splendor of these drugs as they would help him to regain his health. I would do this by explai ning the consequences of prostatitis and the effects or damage that it might have if it is not treated.I would not caution him from victorious his herbal medicines that he was prescribed. Instead, I would thank him for visiting the healer or the health counselor or advisor. I would encourage him to continue victorious the herbs as they were directed by the healer or the health counselor. In addition, I would also advise him to take the medications that I have administered to him without fail. This way, he will feel that I am supporting him and at the same time I am respecting his culture.According to Cohen (2003), American Indians or the Native Americans value their tradition very much. This means that if at all I will act as if I am not respecting this fact, there are chances that he will not follow my directions and therefore he might not get well at all. Alternatively, there are some herbal medicines that are not likely to do well with the hospital medicine. I would therefore ask him to go home with the medicine that I had administered to him and make sure he takes them.I would explain to him that there are some herbal medicines that would counteract with the hospital medicines that we are taking. I would advise him to come with the herbal medicine that he is taking so that we can see if they have any content that might react with the antibiotics. This way, we would be able to prevent any further reaction in his body. When they bring the medicine, I would analyze it and assess whether it has any reaction with the antibiotics that I would have given him.If there is a reaction, I would change the antibiotics, alternatively, I would try to advise him that there is a serious reaction that might take place if he took both the medicine that I administered and the herbal medicine at the same time. I would then try to explain to him that the diseases that he is currently having is very serious and therefore he need to give it a first priority. According to Moses , L. & Wilson, R, (1985), Native Americans are known to speaking in parables.I would therefore try to formulate a story about a forbearing who had such a disease and who defied or rather who refused to take the medication that I had given him and chose the herbs. He only stayed for five months before succumbing to the illness. This would be in the aim of convincing Mr. Wolf to give the antibiotics the first priority and stop taking the herbs for some time. I would advise him that he can immediately go back to the herbs onces the antibiotics are over.

The Role Of Discipline In Schools Education Essay

I have ever been a individual who is driven. I believe in myself and believe that I can carry d one anything that I desire to accomplish. My theory has ever been, if any other homo can make it, so can I with the exclusion of any fleshly restraints. I have this belief about others besides. I feel that the lone restrictions that anyone has are the 1s that they set themselves. I have an outgoing personality and a untouchable sense of duty. My female parent died when I was four. She left three little kids all under the age of five. Bing the oldest of three sisters, I have ever felt that I had to take duty. When any state of affairs warrants a leader, if no 1 else steps up, I testament take the function. I have a sense of duty to protect as I felt I needed to protect my younger sisters. I do non and allow non expect intimidation. I am a Christian with have high moral values and work hard to follow these ideals. I know that all kids have the talent to larn and to demo regard to th eir schoolmates every bit corking as their instructor. Being cognizant of this, I will demo regard to my pupils but will sojourn the same in return. I know that pupils are taught otherwise today than when I was in school. There is much more pupil center on engagement in the schoolroom. I like the thought of active engagement in the acquisition procedure. But, I besides want my pupils to be under find out while this activity is happening. I am older than most of the pupils at MSU. I have a adult boy and have been learning actively in my church for 10 old ages. I have taught categories from pre-school to adult. Having much convey in a schoolroom state of affairs with kids from many social categories, I know how of import it is for the instructor to hold control. I believe in holding a steadfast manus with my pupils while demoing I mania and attention for them. This is how I have raised my boy and how I will pull off my hereafter schoolroom. My duty as a instructor includes obs ession my pupils to be in the universe. Management in the maintenance universe expects workers to be respectful of those in dictum. This is a quality that I hope to transfuse in my future pupils. Based on my beliefs and how I hope to implement organisation in my schoolroom, I have chosen William Glasser, leeward and Marlene Canter, and Barbara Coloroso for their stance on cogitation and schoolroom direction.William Glasser s theory is based on four basic demands of kids Freedom, Power/Achievement, Fun, and Love/Belonging ( Class, 2001, para.1 ) . He believes that these demands can be met through a quality cover of study and related activities and that misbehavior consequences from experiencing out-of-sync with the current state of affairs. Although the pupil may non be in sync, Glasser still deems the pupil responsible for their actions as quoted from his Ten Axioms of Choice Theory, We can merely command our feeling and physiology indirectly through how we shoot to move a nd believe. ( Glasser, 1998, as cited in Furr 2009, para.1 ) . Ultimately, Glasser believes that it s the instructor s duty to do the schoolroom course of study interesting and ask foring to avoid behavioural jobs but, irrespective of the state of affairs, it is within the pupil s efficacy to act decently. I excessively, believe that everyone including kids are in control of their ain actions and that they should be held responsible for misbehavior. I besides believe that the instructor should do the course of study and activities in the schoolroom prosecuting to guard off misconduct. In order to implement Glasser s theory I will be after activities that will let me to acquire to cognize my pupils involvement and demands. I will set the course of study to turn to these demands. I want my schoolroom to be sweetened both for my pupils and myself. I will allow my pupils know that I care for them and will give them picks on occasion if it will profit them and/ or the course. I will analyze to carry through the basic demands of my pupils but I will anticipate my pupils to esteem my authorization in the schoolroom. I will anticipate my pupils to pattern good behaviour and will face any misconduct instantly with pre-determined cause.Assertive subject is the solution to misbehavior in the schoolroom harmonizing to Lee and Marlene Canter. The end of Assertive Discipline is to learn pupils to take responsible behaviour, thereby increasing their self-pride and increasing their academic success. ( DuBois, S. , Bowman, T. , Clark, A. , Candela, N. , McDonough, L. , 2001, para.3 ) . By presuming ownership of their behaviour and the associated effects, a pupil will go positively motivated to move responsibly in the schoolroom. The Canters believe that it is the duty and right of the instructor to hold an environment that is worthy for larning. When penalty has to be administered, it must be unpleasant but non harmful to the childrenagive effects calmly, and supply pupils with flight mechanisms in instance they sagely choose to avoid a struggle ( Theories, n.d. , para.3 ) . The instructor s function in self-asserting subject is to hold outlooks that are clear, positive and consistent. The Teacher will support good behaviour through positive acknowledgment ( DuBois, Bowman, Clark, Candela, McDonough ) . I follow the Canter s beliefs of self-asserting subject. I have seen many kids in my schoolrooms try to derive self acknowledgment and esteem through the esteem of their equals by misconducting. At these times I could non learn a lesson due to the perturbation of one or a few pupils. This type of schoolroom is wholly contrary to my personality. I feel as though it is my right to hold control and lead over my pupils and I expect parents and the disposal to back up me in my attempts to learn their kids. I would in no manner want to harm a kid through penalty but I do desire the kid to cognize that penalty, though non physically or mentally harm ful, is unpleasant and is to be avoided. To implement the Canters theory I will clearly specify the regulations and effects for disobeying in my schoolroom on the first twenty-four hours of school. I will be consistent and house in using these regulations. I will do it a personal policy to honor good every bit good as bad behaviour. If needed, I will inquire for aid from my supervisors every bit good as parents in transporting out any penalty deemed necessary. I will give regard to my pupils but will anticipate the same in return.The theoretician Barbara Coloroso believes that pupils can be taught to hold interior subject. She feels that, grownups should follow the easy Rule and dainty others as they want to be treated ( GURCAN T. , TEKAN, E. , n.d. ) . Coloroso says that pupils should be provided a safe and nurturing environment in which to larn and cover with effects ( Class, 2001, para.3 ) . She believes that pupils should be allowed to work out their ain jobs with the support of the instructor. The counsel provided by the instructor should be without judgement allowing the pupils experience the consequences of their determination. When it is clip to confront effects of misbehaviour, the instructors should non give in to the three cons ( 1 ) beggary, bribing, crying and bawling, ( 2 ) choler and aggression, and/or ( 3 ) sulking ( Class, 2001, para.1 ) . I besides support the Golden Rule and want my pupils to hold concern for others and what they feel. Although I will be nice to the feelings of my pupils, I will besides retrieve that they are kids and will non ever be concerned for the instructor or schoolmates. I have noticed how many kids of today are really self- centered. They have been brought up to believe no 1 has the right to hold authorization over them. I want my pupils to hold chances to do their ain determinations and trade with the effects. This is portion of turning up and acquiring ready for life in a rough universe. But I besides want t hem to turn up holding regard for others particularly those older and wiser than they. My personally indicates that I will non digest beggary, bribing, crying, howling, choler, aggression or sulking. These attitudes build hapless character if allowed success. I dealt with the same issues raising my boy and I face some of these same jobs every hebdomad when I teach pre-schoolers at church. I did non give in to my boy s fits and I do non give in to those in my church category. By past and present indicants, I will non give in to my future pupil s attempts to avoid the effects of misbehaviour. The manner I will habituate the Coloroso theory in my schoolroom is by doing the attempt to guarantee my pupils of a safe, encouraging environment. I will be invariably cognizant of my pupils and be sensitive to any intimidation that might be happening and take immediate action when needed. I will seek to understand the feelings of my pupils and compare that to how I would experience in a simila r state of affairs. I will seek to assist my pupils to work out jobs by self geographic expedition rather of work outing for them therefore constructing up their ego regard. I will non give in to the three cons that pupils may utilize to avoid the effects of their actions.The theoreticians that I have chosen compliment my personality by authenticating the important function of the instructor in the schoolroom. All three theoreticians believe in holding regulations and effects for misbehaviour and anticipate the consequences of bad behaviour to be carried through to the terminal. They besides support congratulations for good behaviour which assists in developing an overall managed category of pupils. By asseverating Glasser s beliefs of an engaging course of study, Canter s clear outlooks, and Coloroso s self-imposed effects, my future schoolroom will be a topographic point where kids will bask larning while deriving regard for their schoolmates, their instructor, and themselves.

Dbq U S History Section 2

During the 1600s many ideas and values affected the political, economic, and social development of the virgin England colonies (specifically from 1630 through the 1660s) . The puritains had a soaked kinship, for example working as one man, and entertaining eachother in brotherly affection. The Puritans were a significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and seventeenth centuries. Puritanism in this sense was founded by some Marian exiles from the clergy shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1558, as an activist movement within the perform of England.The designation Puritan is often incorrectly used, notably based on the assumption that hedonism and Puritanism are antonyms Historically, the word was used to characterize the Protestant group as extremists similar to the Cathari of France, and according to Thomas Fuller in his Church History dated back to 1564, Archbishop Matthew Parker of that time used it and precisian with the sense of modern stickler .They were blocked from changing the system from within, but their haves were taken by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands and later New England, and by evangelical clergy to Ireland and later into Wales, and were spread into lay society by treatment and parts of the educational system, particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge. Initially, Puritans were importantly concerned with religious matters, rather than politics or social matters.They took on distinctive views on clerical dress and in opposition to the episcopal system, particularly after the 1619 conclusions of the Synod of Dort were resisted by the English bishops. They largely adopted Sabbatarian views in the 17th century, and were influenced by millennialism. The main influences to the new England colonies were that puritans Stressed education, which meant formation of schools such as Harvard to train ministers. Also, Motivation for success, it was Gods will that the New England colon ies flourish.Third, a diverse working class, farmers as well as artisans, created from families that immigrated instead of just young men who benttled Jamestown. Fourth, democratic values, which meant, town hall meetings, which began with the Puritans, Fifth separation of church and state, which was one of the first issues that tore at Puritan society. And lastly, the first forms of rebellion, leading to the independence of the United States. One of the most dominant Puritanical beliefs that still lingers, to a large extent, was its categorization of God.Simply put, the Puritans had a very demonizing view of the divine and the role of humans within such a scheme. The Puritans believed strongly in original sin, and to this extent, ended up ensuring that humans neer deviated from the belief that they were naturally sinful. Such a belief ended up affecting New England, and all of America to a degree, with a challenging view of God. On one hand, individuals sought to believe in redemp tion because of the democratic experience that they had inherited, a political system that stressed the idea of forming a more(prenominal) perfect union and trying to get it right. Yet, this was opposite of the Puritan point of view regarding spirituality where God was proverbially unhappy with individuals regardless of acts. Both were set on a collision course by the Puritans, revealing a division in how individuals viewed themselves and the world. What the Puritans did in Massachusetts was embodied by all of the New England Colonies, resulting in a very paradoxical view of religion and a conflict, to a certain extent, in the New England Colonies.

No child left behind policy

Education then is a really important aspect in an individuals life. In a ain quest for enhancing and growth oneself in general so as his or her innate talents depart truly determine the possibilities of the future of the said individual whereas it will actually hypothesize whether that individual will and then be successful or fail in his or her feature path in life. The education that is said to be relevant is the one where the individual will actually gain experience, basic and practical knowledge and will train and develop the innate qualities and characteristics of an individuals personality.The basic elements and characteristics of the concept of education in the society is the one wherein the whole process is governed and be manoeuver by a certain individual tasked to be the teacher. Since the whole process itself of education is very perplex and intricate in its nature of guiding the one study, the teachers actions and personal concept on the matter is very much r elevant to the whole concept. From this, the possibilities of the outcome of the educational process will be generally based on the actions and perception of the teacher and how he or she will facilitates the whole learning environment.The very basic methodology of the teacher that is being applied in the learning process is very much signifi hatfult to the attainment of positive results mainly on the kick downstairs of the students. Through the questioning procedures being applied by the teacher, he or she sack up actually encourage the students divert on the learning process thus, also engaging the students thinking and logical abilities on the activity. In addition, the application of effectual questioning methodology can also encourage the students in a reasoning debate with their teachers and fellow students in their class thus developing their sense of reasoning and look into their own opinion.Involve in this concept also is the positive phylogenesis of personal charact eristics and perspective of the students by comparing their own thinking to the others thus evolving their convincing and descriptive skills and also their listening and correlating abilities. Thus, the use of effective questioning methodology of the teacher can create a harmonious classroom environment where students can share and acquire different opinions and ideas.Through the employment of the concept of a good and harmonious educational environment, students can further develop and hasten their own personal characteristics while they themselves are involve in the learning process. Students will be able to develop their communication skills with their fellow students in exchanging and sharing their personal opinions. In addition, student enthusiasm and participation can be actively encouraged through developing good learning environment. Because of this concept, teachers application of his or her own effective questioning methodology is very much significant because this will ac tually promote the positive environment in the educational group and organization.Another benefit of employing effective questioning in the learning process is its significance in the communication aspect on the part of the teacher and the student. Exchanging opinions and comments between the two parties is also relevant to the development of the teaching methodology on the part of the teacher and the inquisitions of the student regarding the education. By employing effective questioning methodology, teachers can promote an educational environment wherein students can also raise feedbacks and suggestions to the teaching style and methodology of the teacher thus improving the adequacy of the instructional methodology of the teacher.Thus, employing an efficient and positive questioning methodology is indeed significant to the learning process of the student and the development of the teaching style and application on the part of the teacher. In addition, employing efficient questionin g tactics and methodology can also promote development of a good and harmonious communication environment that can inspire exchange of ideas and opinions from among the students and between them and the teacher.With this, learning will significantly progress on the part of the students while evolving their own personal characteristics in correlating and communicating with others. Because of these reasons, indeed applying an effective questioning methodology is important in achieving positive results in the learning development of the students and their teacher.What Parents Could DoParents involvement and participation to their pip-squeaks learning development has been proven to cause positive results. It appears that the simple encouragement and appreciation that parents have toward their childs accomplishment and academic and bookish activities will help the childs esteem and positive perceptions toward his or her academe. This idea is also back up by study conducted by Bornhol t and Goodnow (1999) about the relationship of parental expectations and adolescent disclosure to the academic competency of students.Accordingly, they concluded that Adolescent self-disclosure to parents suggested an important addition to the model of family entices on the adolescents sense of academic achievement (Bornholt and Goodnow, 1999). This evidence agrees with that of the journal condition written by McGrath and Repetti (2000) but the center of the article is about the expiration of influence by the bugger off and the father regarding the academic competence of the child. Thus, the statistical study presented in the journal article is about the differences between the mothers and fathers attitudes toward their childrens academic performance.According to the statistical research of McGrath and Repetti (2000), parents attitudes toward their childrens academic performance are gender-differentiated. That is, mothers are believed to be have-to doe with about the performan ce of both their sons and daughters while fathers are more(prenominal) than concerned about their sons. In addition, mothers tend to set lower academic performance standard compare to that of the fathers qualification them more relentless about the academic performance of their children.Using methodology like conducting statistical hatful and observing a random families and their educational institution, they determined the mean and significant differences between the mothers and fathers involvement in their childrens academic performance. Also, they handed out questionnaires and performed interviews to determine the result of the parents regarding this psychological and sociological idea. Basing from their data, McGrath and Repetti (2000) found out that girls and boys perceived themselves to be more academically competent when their mothers inform greater atonement with their performance in school making their commendation and acknowledgement with their childrens accomplishm ents more significant to the childrens academic self-perception.ConclusionThough there is only little significant difference among the influence of the participation of the mother and the father regarding the academic performance and self-perception of the child, the effect itself and significance depends solely on what the child thinks about it and how he or she will respond to it. One reason why it appears that mothers participation have great effect seems to reciprocate from the fact that mothers are more stretch and emotional close to the children compare to fathers. Thus, the child might rely more on the help and live of the mother because it is easier to gain or the child is more emotional attached to her thus desiring to please her more. new(prenominal) case where the fathers participation has more significant impact depends maybe on the perspective itself like scenarios where the mothers participation cannot be easily achieved or the child personally has more emotional co nnection with him than the mother might result to the said conclusion. Thus, the differences between the influence of the participation and satisfaction by the mother and the father with their childs academic performance and to the childs self-perception do not rouse much concern. Most important is that parents participation, interest and satisfaction to the childs academic performance whether from the mother or the father are essential to the childs emotional, and mental development and his or her self-esteem and perception.ReferencesArchived Information (October 1997). Family Involvement in Childrens Education. http//www.ed.gov/pubs/FamInvolve/execsumm.html. November 16, 2007.Bornholt, L. J. and Goodnow, J. J. (1999). Cross-Generation Perceptions of Academic competence Parental Expectations and Adolescent Self-Disclosure. Journal of Adolescent Research. Sage Publications.Cotton, Kathleen and Wikelund, Karen Reed (August 2001). Parent Involvement in Education. nor-west Regional Ed ucational Laboratory. http//www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/3/cu6.html. November 16, 2007.McGrath, Emily P. and Rena L. Repetti (Dec 2000). Mothers and Fathers Attitudes Toward Their Childrens Academic mathematical operation and Childrens Perceptions of Their Academic Competence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 29.6.National Education Association (2006). Getting Involved in Your Childs Education. http//www.nea.org/parents/index.html. November 16, 2007.

Patients Rights Essay

The level-headed interests of persons who submit to medical interrogative intervention. For m both years, common medical habituate meant that recreates made decisions for their uncomplaining roles. This paternalistic view has gradu solely(prenominal)(a)y been supplanted by one promoting diligent autonomy, whereby unhurrieds and deposits sh be the decision-making responsibility. Consequently touch on- forbearing family relationships atomic number 18 very different now than they were just a hardly a(prenominal) decades ago. However, conflicts st poorly(predicate) abound as the medical community and those it serves struggle to define their respective roles. ConsentConsent, particularly informed assume, is the cornerstone of endurings reclaims. Consent is establish on the inviolability of ones person. It mode that sterilizes do non return the right to touch or treat a diligent without that patients approval be take the patient is the one who essential alert w ith the consequences and deal with any dis-comfort caused by intercession. A doctor suffer be held liable for committing a outpouring if the doctor touches the patient without first obtaining the patients coincide. The shift in doctor-patient relationships seems inevitable in hindsight. In one early consent good example, a doctor told a charwoman he would plainly be repairing around cervical and rectal tears instead he performed a hysterectomy. In a nonher(prenominal) case, a patient permitted her doctors to examine her chthonian anesthesia alone insisted that they not operate the doctors removed a fibroid neoplasm during the procedure.In yet another case, a doctor assured a man that a proposed action was simple and essentially without luck the patients left hand was paralyzed as a result of the surgery. Consent must be voluntary, able, and informed. Voluntary means that, when the patient gives consent, he or she is gratis(p) from extreme duress and is not intoxicated or under the influence of medication and that the doctor has not coerced the patient into giving consent. The legal philosophy presumes that an adult is competent, but competency whitethorn be an issue in many instances. Competence is typically only challenged when a patient dis adds with a doctors recommended treatment or recants treatment altogether. If an individual understands the schooling presented regarding treatment, she or he is competent to consent to or d be treatment. Consent can be given verbally, in writing, or by ones actions. For example, a person has consented to a vaccination if she stands in line with others who argon receiving vaccinations, observes the procedure, and thenpresents her arm to a health c ar earmarkr. Consent is inferred in cases of collar or unanticipated mass. For example, if unforeseen serious or life-threatening circumstances develop during surgery for which consent has been given, consent is inferred to allow doctors to take immedia te further action to save serious injury or last. Consent is in addition inferred when an adult or child is found unconscious, or when an speck otherwise necessitates immediate treatment to prevent serious harm or death. Consent is not valid if the patient does not understand its meaning or if a patient has been misled. Children typically whitethorn not give consent instead a parent or guardian must consent to medical treatment. Competency issues may eject with morally ill individuals or those who occupy diminished mental capacity due to retardation or other problems. However, the fact that soulfulness suffers from a mental illness or diminished mental capacity does not mean that the individual is incompetent. Depending on the type and ghastliness of the disability, the patient may still wear the ability to understand a proposed turn tail of treatment. For example, in young years most jurisdictions withdraw recognized the right of infirmaryized mental patients to traverse medication under trusted circumstances.Numerous greets fall in govern that a mental patient may redeem the right to refuse antipsychotic drugs, which can produce disturbing side effects. If a patient is incompetent, technically only a lawfully appointed guardian can make treatment decisions. Commonly, however, physicians defer to family members on an informal keister, on that pointby avoiding a lengthy and expensive competency hearing. Consent by a family member demonstrates that the doctor consulted almostone who knows the patient well and is likely to be concerned about the patients well-being. This will believably be sufficient to dissuade a patient from suing for failure to obtain consent should the patient recover. Legal, moral, and good questions arise in competency cases involving medical procedures not primarily for the patients gain ground. These cases typically arise in the context of organ donation from one sibling to another. galore(postnominal) of these cases are approved in the lower judicatures the decisions a great deal turn on an examination of the relationship between the donor and recipient. If the donor and recipient have a relationship that the donor is aware of, actively participates in, and benefits from, courts generally conclude that the benefits of continuing the relationship outweigh the risks and discomfortsof the procedure.For example, one court granted permission for a kidney transplant from a developmentally modify patient into his brother because the developmentally disabled boy was very dependent on the brother. In another case, a court approved a seven-year-old missys donation of a kidney to her identical equal sister after experts and family testified to the close bond between the two. Conversely, a mother succeederfully fought to prevent interrogatory of her three-and-a-half-year-old twins for a likely bone marrow transplant for a half brother because the children had only met the boy twice an d were unaware that he was their brother. Married or emancipated belittleds, including those in the Armed Services, are capable of giving their own consent. Emancipated means that the minor is self-supporting and lives independently of parents and parental control. In addition, under a theory known as the mature minor belief, certain bush league may consent to treatment without first obtaining parental consent. If the minor is capable of understanding the nature, extent, and consequences of medical treatment, he or she may consent to medical care. Such office staffs typically involve older minors and treatments for the benefit of the minor (i.e., not organ transplant donors or blood donors) and unremarkably involve relatively low-risk procedures. In juvenile years, however, some(a) minors have sought the right to make life- or-death decisions. In 1989, a deposit court first recognized that a minor could make much(prenominal) a grave decision.A 17-year-old leukemia patient re fused life-saving blood transfusions based on a deeply held, family-shared religious conviction. A psychologist testified that the girl had the maturity of a 22-year-old. Ironically, the young woman won her right to refuse treatment but was alive and healthy when the case was finally indomitable. She had been transfused in advance the slow juridical mathematical operation needed to decide such a unwieldy question led to a ruling in her favor. Some suppose statutes limitedally tender that minors may give consent in certain highly charged situations, such as cases of genital disease, pregnancy, and drug or alcohol abuse. A minor may withal overrule parental consent in certain situations. In one case, a mother gave consent for an Abortion for her 16-year-old unemancipated daughter, but the girl disagreed. A court upheld the daughters right to withhold consent. tourist courts oft reach divergent outcomes when decision making whether to interfere with a parents refusal to cons ent to a non-life-threatening procedure. One court refused to override afathers denial of consent for surgery to repair his sons harelip and fracture palate. But a different court permitted an operation on a boy suffering from a severe facial deformity even though his mother objected on religious grounds to the come with blood transfusion. In another case, a child was say to undergo medical treatments after the parents unsuccessfully treated the childs severe burns with herbal remedies. Courts rarely hesitate to step in where a childs life is in danger. To deny a child a beneficial, life-sustaining treatment constitutes child neglect, and states have a duty to protect children from neglect. One case involved a mother who testified that she did not believe that her child was HIV positive, despite medical evidence to the contrary. The court ordered treatment, including AZT, for the child. Many other cases involve parents who want to treat a serious illness with nontraditional metho ds or whose religious beliefs forbid blood transfusions. Cases involving religious beliefs raise difficult questions under the First Amendments broad Excise of Religion Clause, Common Law, statutory rights of a parent in raising a child, and the states traditional interest in protecting those unable to protect themselves.When a childs life is in danger and parental consent is withheld, a hospital hears a court-appointed guardian for the child. The guardian, often a hospital administrator, then consents to the treatment on behalf of the child. In an emergency case, a figure may make a decision over the telephone. In some cases, doctors may choose to act without judicial permission if cartridge clip constraints do not allow enough time to reach a judge by telephone. In 1982, a six-day-old infant with Downs syndrome died after a court approved a parental decision to withhold life-saving surgery. The child had a condition that made eating impossible. The queer was medicated but giv en no nourishment. The public furor over the Baby Doe case last helped spur the department of health and human run to create regulations delineating when treatment may be withheld from a disabled infant. give-and-take may be withheld if an infant is chronically and irreversibly comatose, if such treatment would scarcely prolong dying or would otherwise be futile in terms of survival of the infant, or if such treatment would be virtually futile in terms of survival and the treatment would be inhumane under these circumstances. Although courts overrule parental refusal to allow treatment in many instances, far little common are cases where a court overrides anotherwise competent adults denial of consent. The cases where courts have compelled treatment of an adult usually fall into two categories when the patient was so physically weak that the court ruled that the patient could not reflect and make a choice to consent or refuse or when the patient had minor children, even though the patient was fully competent to refuse consent. The possible civil or criminal liability of a hospital energy withal factor into a decision. A court typically will not order a terminally ill patient to undergo treatments to prolong life. Informed ConsentSimply consenting to treatment is not enough. A patient must give informed consent. In essence, informed consent means that forrader a doctor can treat or touch a patient, the patient must be given some basic information about what the doctor proposes to do. Informed consent has been called the most important legal doctrine in patients rights. State laws and court decisions vary regarding informed consent, but the trend is haply toward more(prenominal) manifestation rather than less. Informed consent is required not only in life-or-death situations but also in clinic and outpatient adapttings as well. A healthcare bearr must first present information regarding risks, alternatives, and success rates. The information mus t be presented in language the patient can understand and typically should complicate the following * A description of the recommended treatment or procedure * A description of the risks and benefitsparticularly exploring the risk of serious bodily disability or death * A description of alternative treatments and the risks and benefits of alternatives * The probable results if no treatment is undertaken* The probability of success and a definition of what the doctor means by success * length and challenges of recuperation and* Any other information generally provided to patients in this situation by other do physicians. Only material risks must be disclosed. A material risk is one that might cause a mediocre patient to decide not to undergo a recommended treatment. The magnitude of the risk also factors into the definition of a material risk. For example, one would expect that a one in 10,000 risk of death would everlastingly be disclosed, but not a one in 10,000 risk of a two- hour headache. tractile surgery and vasectomies illustrate twoareas where the probability of success and the meaning of success should be explicitly delineated. For example, a man successfully sued his doctor after the doctor assured him that a vasectomy would be 100 per centum effective as Birth Control the mans wife later became pregnant. Because the only draw a bead on for having the procedure was complete sterilization, a careful explanation of probability of success was essential.Occasionally, informed consent is not required. In an emergency situation where immediate treatment is needed to preserve a patients health or life, a physician may be justified in failing to provide full and complete information to a patient. Moreover, where the risks are minor and well known to the average person, such as in drawing blood, a physician may dispense with full disclosure. In addition, some patients explicitly ask not to be informed of specific risks. In this situation, a doctor must only ascertain that the patient understands that there are unspecified risks of death and serious bodily disabilities the doctor might ask the patient to sign a waiver of informed consent. Finally, informed consent may be bypassed in rare cases in which a physician has objective evidence that informing a patient would render the patient unable to make a rational decision. Under these circumstances, a physician must disclose the information to another person designated by the patient. Informed consent is rarely legally required to be in writing, but this does provide evidence that consent was in fact obtained.The more specific the consent, the less likely it will be construed against a doctor or a hospital in court. Conversely, drape consent forms cover almost everything a doctor or hospital might do to a patient without mentioning anything specific and are easily construed against a doctor or hospital. However, blanket forms are frequently used upon admission to a hospital to provi de proof of consent to noninvasive routine hospital procedures such as taking blood pressure. A consent form may not contain a clause waiving a patients right to sue, unless state law provides for binding Arbitration upon mutual agreement. Moreover, consent can be predicated upon a certain surgeon doing a surgery. It can also be withdrawn at any time, subject to practical limitations. Right to TreatmentIn an emergency situation, a patient has a right to treatment, regardless of ability to redeem. If a situation is likely to cause death, serious injury, ordisability if not attended to promptly, it is an emergency. Cardiac arrest, heavy bleeding, great(p) shock, severe head injuries, and acute psychotic states are some examples of emergencies. Less obvious situations can also be emergencies broken bones, fever, and cuts requiring stitches may also require immediate treatment. Both public and private hospitals have a duty to administer medical care to a person experiencing an emergen cy. If a hospital has emergency facilities, it is legally required to provide appropriate treatment to a person experiencing an emergency.If the hospital is unable to provide emergency work, it must provide a referral for appropriate treatment. Hospitals cannot refuse to treat prospective patients on the basis of race, religion, or national origin, or refuse to treat someone with HIV or AIDS. In 1986, coition passed the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) (42 U.S.C.A. 1395dd), which established criteria for emergency services and criteria for ripe transfer of patients between hospitals. This statute was designed to prevent patient dumping, that is, transferring undesirable patients to another facility. The law applies to all hospitals receiving federal funds, such as Medicare (almost all do). The law requires hospitals to provide a screening exam to take in if an emergency condition exists, provide stabilizing treatment to any emergency patient or to any w oman in active labor before transfer, and continue treatment until a patient can be discharged or transferred without harm.It also delineates strict guidelines for the transfer of a patient who cannot be stabilized. A hospital that negligently or penetratively and willfully violates any of these provisions can be terminate or suspended from Medicare. The physician, the hospital, or both can also be penalized up to $50,000 for each knowing violation of the law. One of the first cases brought under EMTALA involved a doctor who transferred a woman in active labor to a hospital 170 miles away. The woman delivered a healthy baby during the trip, but the doctor was fined $20,000 for the improper transfer of the woman. In addition to federal laws such as EMTALA, states may also impose by regulation or statute a duty on hospitals to administer emergency care. There is no universal right to be admitted to a hospital in a nonemergency situation. In nonemergency cases, admission rights depen d largely on the specific hospital, but basing admission on ability to compensation is severely limited by statutes, regulations, and judicial decisions. Forexample, most hospitals obtained financial assistance from the federal government for eddy these hospitals are required to provide a reasonable volume of services to persons unable to turn out. The amount of services to be provided is set by regulation, and the obligation continues for 20 years after construction is completed. Patients must be advised of the hospitals obligation under the law, or the hospital may be foreclosed from suing to absorb on the calling card.In addition, many states prohibit hospitals from denying admission based solely on inability to pay some courts have made similar rulings against public hospitals based on hospital charters and public policy reasons. Hospitals are also prohibited from requiring a deposit from a Medicare or Medicaid patient. Once a patient has been duly admitted to a hospital, she or he has a right to leave at any time, or the hospital could be liable for False Imprisonment. This is so even if the patient has not paid the bill or if the patient wants to leave against all medical advice. In rare cases, such as transmittable disease cases, public health authorities may have state statutory or regulatory authority to quarantine a patient. In addition, state laws governing involuntary commitment of the mentally ill may be used to prevent a person of unsound mind from leaving the hospital if a qualified psychiatrist determines that the person is a danger to himself or herself or to the lives of others. A doctor familiar with a patients condition determines when a patient is ready for discharge and signs a written order to that effect.If the patient disagrees with a decision to discharge, she or he has the right to demand a consultation with a different physician before the order is carried out. The decision to discharge must be based solely on the patients med ical condition and not on escape of medical bills. In the mid-1990s, concern over maternity patients being discharged just a few hours after giving birth prompted legislation at both the state and federal levels. In family line 1996, President bill clinton signed a law ensuring a 48-hour hospital stay for a woman who gives birth vaginally and a 96-hour stay for a woman who has a caesarean section, unless the patient and the doctor agree to an earlier discharge. A number of state legislatures have passed similar laws as well. With the rise of Managed Care and health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs), patients faced new issues involving the right to treatment. HMOs may deny authorization for expensive or data-based treatments, or for treatmentsprovided outside the network of approved physicians. HMOs contend that they must control costs and make decisions that benefit the largest number of members.In retort, state legislatures have enacted HMO regulations that seek to give patients a process for appealing the denial of benefits. The HMOs have opposed these measures and have vigorously defended their denial of benefits in court. In Moran v. Rush prudential HMO, Inc., 536 U.S. 355, 122 S.Ct. 2151, 153 L.Ed.2d 375 (2002), the irresponsible Court in a 54 decision upheld an Illinois law that required HMOs to provide independent review of disputes between the primary care physician and the HMO. The law mandated that the HMO must pay for services deemed medically necessary by the independent reviewer. Most importantly, the court ruled that the federal Employee privacy Income Security Act (ERISA) did not preempt the Illinois law. ERISA is an extremely complex and technical set of provisions that seek to protect employee benefit programs. The decision was significant because it empowered other states to enact similar laws that give patients more rights in obtaining treatment Medical ExperimentationMedical progress and medical experimentation have always gone hand in hand, but patients rights have sometimes been ignored in the process. Sometimes patients are completely unaware of the experimentation. Experimentation has also taken place in settings in which individuals may have extreme difficulty asserting their rights, such as in prisons, mental institutions, the military, and residences for the mentally disabled. Legitimate experimentation requires informed consent that may be withdrawn at any time. Some of the more notorious and shameful instances of human experimentation in the United States in the twentieth century include a 1963 study in which terminally ill hospital patients were injected with live cancer cells to test their immune response the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, begun before World War II and continuing for 40 years, in which effective treatment was withheld from poor black males suffering from syphilis so that medical personnel could study the natural course of the disease and a study where developmentally disabled children wer e deliberately infected with hepatitis to test potency vaccines. disaster to obtain informed consent can arise even when consent has ostensibly been obtained.The California Supreme Court ruled in 1990 that a physician must disclose preexisting research andpotential economic interests that may affect the doctors medical judgment (Moore v. Regents of the University of California, 51 Cal. 3d 120, 793 P. 2d 479). The case involved excision of a patients cells pursuant to surgery and other procedures to which the patient had consented. The surgery itself was not experimental the experimentation took place after the surgery and other procedures. The cells were used in medical research that proved lucrative to the doctor and medical center. Patients in teaching hospitals are frequently asked to participate in research. Participants do not surrender legal rights simply by agreeing to cooperate and validly obtained consent cannot protect a researcher from Negligence. In hospitals, human ex perimentation is typically monitored by an institutional review board (IRB). Federal regulation requires IRBs in all hospitals receiving federal funding. These boards review proposed research before patients are asked to participate and approve written consent forms. IRBs are meant to ensure that risks are minimized, the risks are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, the selection of subjects is equitable, and informed consent is obtained and properly documented. Federal regulations denominate specific items that must be covered when obtaining informed consent in experimental cases. IRB approval never obligates a patient to participate in research. Advance Medical DirectivesEvery state has enacted advance medical leading legislation, but the laws vary widely. Advance medical directives are documents that are made at a time when a person has full decision-making capabilities and are used to direct medical care in the time to come when this capacity is lost. Many statutes are narrowly drawn and specify that they apply only to illnesses when death is close rather than illnesses requiring long-term life support, such as in end-stage lung, heart, or kidney failure multiple induration paraplegia and persistent vegetative state. Patients sometimes use keep wills to direct future medical care. Most commonly, alert wills specify steps a patient does not want taken in cases of life-threatening or debilitating illness, but they may also be used to specify that a patient wants vulturine resuscitation measures used. Studies have shown that animation wills often are not honored, despite the fact that federal law requires all hospitals, nursing homes, and other Medicare and Medicaid providers to askpatients on admission whether they have executed an advance directive. Some of the reasons living wills are not honored are medical personnels fear of liability, the patients failure to communicate his or her wishes, or misunderstanding or mismanagement by hospita l personnel. other way individuals attempt to direct medical care is through a durable Power of Attorney.A durable power of attorney, or proxy decision maker, is a written document wherein a person (the principal) designates another person to perform certain acts or make certain decisions on the principals behalf. It is called durable because the power continues to be effective even after the principal becomes incompetent or it may only take effect after the principal becomes incompetent. As with a Living Will, such a document has little power to compel a doctor to follow a patients desires, but in the very least it serves as valuable evidence of a persons wishes if the matter is brought into court. A durable power of attorney may be used by itself or in conjunction with a living will. When advance medical directives function as intended and are honored by physicians, they free family members from making extremely difficult decisions. They may also protect physicians. banner medic al care typically requires that a doctor provide maximum care. In essence, a living will can change the standard of care upon which a physician will be judged and may protect a physician from legal or professional repercussions for withholding or withdrawing care. Right to travelA number of cases have addressed the right to refuse life-sustaining medical treatment. Broadly speaking, under certain circumstances a person may have a right to refuse life-sustaining medical treatment or to have life-sustaining treatment withdrawn. On the one side in these cases is the patients interest in autonomy, privacy, and bodily integrity. This side must be balanced against the states traditional interests in the preservation of life, prevention of suicide, protection of dependents, and the protection of the integrity of the medical profession. In in re quinlan, 355 A.2d 647 (1976), the New Jersey Supreme Court permitted withdrawal of life-support measures for a woman in a persistent vegetative st ate, although her condition was stable and her life expectancy stretched years into the future. Many of the emotional issues the country struggles with in the early 2000s were either a direct result of or were influenced by this case,including living wills and other advance medical directives, the right to refuse unwanted treatment, and physician-assisted suicide.The first U.S. Supreme Court decision addressing the difficult question regarding the removal of life support was Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, 497 U.S. 261, 110 S. Ct. 2841, 111 L. Ed. 2d 224 (1990). Cruzan involved a young woman rendered permanently comatose after a car accident. Her parents petitioned to have her feeding tube removed. The Supreme Court ruled that the evidence needed to be clear and win over that the young woman had explicitly authorized the termination of treatment prior to becoming incompetent. The Court ruled that the evidence had not been clear and convincing, but upon remand to the state court the family presented new testimony that was deemed clear and convincing. The young woman died 12 days after her feeding tube was removed. The Supreme Court decided two right-todie cases in 1997, Quill v. Vacco, 521 U.S. 793, 117 S.Ct. 2293, 138 L.Ed.2d 834 (1997), and chapiter v. Glucksberg, 521 U.S. 702, 117 S.Ct. 2258, 138 L.Ed.2d 772 (1997). In Glucksberg, the appellate courts in New York and Washington had afflicted down laws banning physician-assisted suicide as violations of Equal Protection and due process, respectively. The Supreme Court change by reversal both decisions, finding no constitutional right to assisted suicide, thus upholding states power to ban the practice.though both cases were considered together, Glucksberg was the key right-to-die decision. Dr. Harold Glucksberg and three other physicians sought a Declaratory Judgment that the state of Washingtons law prohibiting assisted suicide was unconstitutional as applied to terminally ill, mentall y competent adults. The Supreme Court voted unanimously to sustain the Washington law, though five of the nine justices filed concurring opinions in Quill and Glucksberg. Chief Justice william rehnquist, writing for the Court, based much of his analysis on historical and legal traditions. The fact that most western democracies make it a crime to assist a suicide was O.K. up by over 700 years of Anglo-American common-law tradition that has punished or disapproved of suicide or assisting suicide. This deeply rootedopposition to assisted suicides had been reaffirmed by the Washington legislature in 1975 when the current barricade had been enacted and again in 1979 when it passed a Natural Death Act. This law declared that the refusal or withdrawal of treatment did not constitute suicide, but it explicitly stated that theact did not authorize Euthanasia.The doctors had argued that the law break the Substantive Due Process component of the Fourteenth Amendment. Unlike procedural due p rocess which focuses on whether the right steps have been taken in a legal matter, substantive due process looks to fundamental rights that are implicit in the amendment. For the Court to recognize a fundamental liberty, the liberty must be deeply rooted in U.S. history and it must be carefully described. The Court spurned this argument because U.S. history has not recognized a right to die and therefore it is not a fundamental right. Employing the Rational Basis Test of constitutional review, the Court concluded that the law was rationally related to to legitimate government interests and thus passed constitutional muster. Privacy and ConfidentialityConfidentiality between a doctor and patient means that a doctor has the express or implied duty not to disclose information received from the patient to anyone not directly involved with the patients care. Confidentiality is important so that healthcare providers have noesis of all facts, regardless of how personal or embarrassing, that might have a bearing on a patients health. Patients must feel that it is safe to communicate such information freely. Although this theory drives doctor-patient confidentiality, the truth is that many people have routine and legitimate access to a patients records. A hospital patient might have several doctors, nurses, and support personnel on every shift, and a patient might also see a therapist, nutritionist, or pharmacologist, to name a few.The law requires some confidential information to be reported to authorities. For example, birth and death certificates must be filed Child plague cases must be reported and infectious, contagious, or communicable diseases must be reported. In addition, confidential information may also be disclosed pursuant to a judicial proceeding or to make known a person to whom a patient may pose a danger. In spite of the numerous exceptions to the contrary, patients legitimately demand and expect confidentiality in many areas of their treatment. Generally speaking, patients must be asked to consent before being photographed or having others unrelated to the case (including medical students) observe a medical procedure they have the right to refuse to see anyone not attached to a hospitalthey have theright to have a person of the patients own sex present during a physical examination conducted by a member of the opposite sex they have the right to refuse to see persons connected with the hospital who are not directly involved in the patients care and treatment (including social workers and chaplains) and they have the right to be protected from having details of their condition made public. A patient owns the information contained in medical records, but the owner of the paper on which they are written is usually considered the actual owner of the records. The patients legal interest in the records generally means that the patient has a right to see the records and is entitled to a complete copy of them. The patients rights are subject to reasonable limitations such as requiring inspection and copying to be done on the doctors premises during working hours. Federal Patients visor of RightsDissatisfaction with an expanding corporate healthcare industry dominated by profit margins has spawned numerous reform ideas. One idea that has gained a foothold is a patients federal Bill of Rights. In 1997, President Bill Clinton appointed an Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry. The commission was directed to propose a consumer bill of rights. The 34-member commission developed a bill of rights that identified eight key areas information disclosure, choice of providers and plans, access to emergency service, participation in treatment decisions, respect and nondiscrimination, confidentiality of health information, complaints and appeals, and consumer responsibilities.The proposed rights include the right to receive accurate, easily understood information in order to make informed health care decisions the right to a choice of healthcare providers that is sufficient to ensure access to appropriate high-quality health care the right to access emergency healthcare services the right and responsibility to fully participate in all decisions related to their health care the right to considerate, respectful care from all members of the healthcare system at all times and under all circumstances the right to communicate with healthcare providers in confidence and to have the confidentiality of their individually identifiable healthcare information protected the right to a fair and efficient process for resolving differences with their health plans,healthcare providers, and the institutions that serve them and the responsibility of consumers to do their part in protecting their health. This bill of rights has been debated in Congress and there are bipartisan areas of agreement, but, as of 2003, no final action has taken on enacting a set of rights into f ederal law.

High School Credits and Graduation Requirements

Noemi Robles English 101 Arguing a Position Rough Draft High naturalize Credits and Graduation Requirements In 1997, Chicago raised its graduation precedents to well above what Illinois then requires, inquire all students to cease all of the courses necessary for en chastise to competitive submit universities(1). M both people recalld that this may cause many students to drop let out, but in reality, the graduation rates improved. Now, we argon currently lining a nationwide dilemma. Many high conditions atomic number 18 fadeting graduation requirements and taking onward classes that ar important to both the students and teachers.I propose that every(prenominal) high prepare nationwide should have at least(prenominal) seven courses to take and that every student leave alone grad with a minimum of twenty-six credits. The nearly credits a student can obtain is twenty-eight which will be applied in the system. Some aims such as a high teach in Santa Ana, California h ave their students graduate with at least two-hundred and forty credits essay writer reviews. In 2009, the district wanted to slenderise the credits to two-hundred and twenty so much students will graduate. By minacious them its just like byword we dont want to put our students to their full potential(2).Although two-hundred and forty seems like a lot, a course is deserving a lot of credits as well which averages out neatly. It would be easier to have every schooling change the number to twenty-eight and twenty-six so on that point isnt any confusion. The state of Texas already has this standard and in the past, the graduation requirements have changed many times. Reducing graduation credits will not realize things easier for students, but it will affect their performance when they are preparing for college.This final result should be addressed to everyone so every generation can prepare for their futures and be supremacyful. Many schools want to spurn their graduation req uirements so to a greater extent students will finish school and so others wont have the urge to dropout. some other reason why baleful these requirements could gain us is because it will cost less silver if some courses are taken out which means fewer teachers as well. Twenty-five part of all students, nearly forty-percent of Black and Hispanic kids analyse to graduate(3).This could also help schools raise their attendance and raise the graduation rates. Since many believe that lowering the graduation requirements is a bully thing, they dont realize how much it could actually affect the students who are taking fewer courses. The reason we have schools is to prepare us for college and to prepare for adulthood. Schools benefit us mentally, physically, and emotionally. We develop to interact with others, we learn about ourselves, and we learn different materials to help us understand the way things pee and why we do them.Lowering the amount of credits needed to graduate isnt going to make us smarter or help us prepare for our futures. There are many hardworking students who want to learn and taking away a few courses can affect many especially if it was a course students wanted to take. One prejudice of lowering the graduation requirements is not being prepared for college and it could be harder to be accepted into a comfortably college or university. According to a recent national survey, an overwhelming eighty-one percent of high school students expect to attend college(4).Now a high school diploma isnt enough to find a good job and live on your own. A college graduate will have a better disaster of obtaining that job which will make finding a job a lot more difficult, which is the guerrilla disadvantage. Students need those extra classes that are being taken away to prepare them for college. Because too many students are not learning the basic skills needed to succeed in college or work while they are in high school, the nation loses more than $3 . 7 billion a year(4). A high education can help lead to a rewarding career and a happier life.Students attending any high school should have many opportunities to succeed therefore we shouldnt even consider taking away any courses or lowering the amount of credits needed to graduation. Another reason why we shouldnt lower the credits, is because many classes that students want to take as an elective may not be in the platform therefore, they wont have the chance to learn something they were looking forward to. Although there should be a number of demand courses students should take, electives help students feel more excited to attend school and that elective could be something that they want to theatre of operations in the future.Some AP courses may also be taken away if they were to lower the graduation requirements. Lastly, lowering the requirements will cause students to slack off in school because they will find it easier to graduate especially entranceway freshmen who do nt fully understand the importance the first year of high school, and can influence colleges and universities to decline their admission. Another high school in Scott County in Kentucky realized that they needed to make reforms after analyzing statistics that showed that forty-five percent of their incoming freshmen were likely to fail at least one ninth-grade class(5).Students should be inspired to fall upon and if we lower their credits they wont have the opportunity to go as far as they are voluntary to go. close to public high schools in California get their money to pay for teachers and programs through the state. The state pays for schools through revenue, currency, and grants. The money comes directly from 21. 8% state revenue, 38. 4% state general purpose revenue, 1. 6% state lottery revenue, 9. 2% federal, 21. 4% local anaesthetic property taxes and fees, and 7. 6% from other local revenue.The property that are used are unrestricted funds which can be used for any pur poses and earmarked funds which can be used for specific purposes. The grants that are given to schools consist of the base grant (funding for mine run schoolroom operations), special education grant (additional flexibility in the use of special education funds), opportunity to learn grant (funding for compensatory instructional services for disadvantage students), instructional improvement grant (funding for staff victimization and instructional services such as arts and technology programs), and charities (6).Money shouldnt be a big issue because schools can receive money in many ways. Morton High School District 201 officials have lilt the number of credits students need to graduate and lengthened class periods in what the board president calls the some effective and practical way to save the district money(7). Even though they are lengthening the school day, the graduation requirements have dropped which means students will be taking less classes then before.Since money see ms to be the biggest issue, schools should encourage students to improve their attendance and get better grades because the school can receive more money from that. This obstacle can be solved with just a little hard work and dedication. Most children who attend public and private schools in the U. S. Spend between 175 to 185 days in the classroom a year and enjoy a summer break between the months of June and September. The average length of the school day is six hours. U. S.Students spend approximately 30% less time in school than students in other industrialized nations, putting them at a disadvantage as they compete in the world(prenominal) arena(8). This is extremely important because we as a nation constantly want to become the trump but yet the next generation is having a hard time competing in the global arena because the States isnt providing longer school days and more classes for our students. High school shouldnt be as long as six hours because many students work and ot hers are in extra-curricular activities.Students need that gap in order to complete any assignments and to get enough sleep for the next day. Summer vacation is also a benefit to students because students can relax, be with family, and do many other activities that they wouldnt be able to do if they were attending school. We believe that schools should not be lengthened but in order to prevent students from forgetting what they learned before school ends, they should complete some summer work, especially for math. AP courses give summer work to prepare students, but the work they receive will not be as much, so students wont become stressed.Students will still be able to enjoy their long break from school but have the opportunity to learn as well. If we lowered our graduation rates, there would be less high school dropouts, less classes being failed, more high school graduates, and school districts will be able to save more money if they cut classes that they thought werent importan t. If the requirements were made easier for students, they may be inspired to try more challenging courses as well. Although there are several key points to the opposing argument, students can still be challenged by having more courses to subscribe to from.If the requirements are higher to graduate, they will try harder to achieve and students who enjoy participating in sports will be motivated to achieve because they have to be passing a certain amount of classes to be eligible. Overall, charge the credits to at least twenty-six can benefit students in many ways. We should support students to try their best and to achieve their goals. Bibliography 1. Will Raising High School Graduation Requirements Cause More Students To write down Out?. 25 present 2013. http//www. achieve. org/files/ImproveGradRates. pdf. 2.Barboza, Tony. Santa Ana seeks to ease high school graduation requirement. Los Angeles Times. 08 Feb. 20091-2. 27 March 2013. http//articles. latimes. com/2009/feb/08/loca l. 3. Downey, Maureen. 26 March 2013. http//blogs. ajc. com/get-schooled-blog/2010/06/02. 4. Paying Double Inadequate High Schools and Community College Remediation. 27 March 2013. http//www. allyed. org/files/ history. 5. McCallumore, Kyle M. , and Ervin F. Sparapani. The importance of the ninth grade on high school graduation rates and student success in high school. Gale Student Resources in Context. Web. 29 March 2013. 6. How California Schools Get Their Money. 29 March 2013. http//www. cbp. org/pdfs. 7. Ruzich, Joseph. Morton High Schools Cut Graduation Requirements to Save Money. Chicago Tribune. 10 June 2010. Web. 28 March 2013. http//articles. chicagotribune. com/2010-06- 10/ intelligence service/ct-met-0611-morton-bells-20100610_1_president-jeffry-pesek-number-of-credits. 8. ProQuest Staff. At Issue School Schedule. ProQuest LLC. 2012 n. pag. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 29 March 2013.