Macroeconomic Variables Affecting Citigroup Incorporated Research Paper

Macroeconomic Variables Affecting Citigroup Incorporated - Research Paper Example In contrast, a lower interest rate has the effect of increasing the demand of the credit services provided by the bank because it reduces the cost of acquiring the loan (Vaish, 2012). Another factor that determines the demand of the credit services provided by Citigroup Corporation is the gross domestic production (GDP) growth. The gross domestic production implies the total production experienced in the general economy of a country. The GDP affects the demand of the credit services offered by Citigroup Corporation because it determines the interest of the customers to seek a financial loan. If the GDP growth is high and increasing, it implies the income generation of the individuals is increasing. Consequently, the demand of the credit services offered by Citigroup will increase since more investors will be willing to borrow the loan because investing opportunities are increasing. In contrast, when the GDP is declining the demand of the credit services offered by the company reduces . The demand of the credit services decreases during recession period because the investing opportunities are decreasing for investors to borrow. Per capital income is another macro-economic variable that affects the supply of the credit services offered by the company. The per capita income implies the average income a country’s population earns (Sargent, 2009). Accordingly, the per capital income variable affects the supply of the credit services provided by Citigroup because it determines the deposit customers are willing to deposit in a given period. If the per capita income is high, the volume of customers deposits increases enhancing the ability of the company to supply the credit services in the market. In contrast, the supply of the credit services offered by the bank reduces when the per capita income of the population decreases because the volume of customer deposits will be lower. Similarly, the unemployment rate is another macro-economic

Tata International Marketing Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tata International Marketing Analysis - Essay Example In developing countries like China, India, and Brazil the demand is a great demand for small cars, where the reason is that the majority of the population belongs to the mid-class and prefer small cars rather than highly expensive luxury cars (Enderwick, 2012). Similarly, the rise of oil imports in the developed countries like US has lead to higher demand for fuel efficient cars. This has somehow promoted small car models, which are highly fuel efficient and cost effective (Enderwick, 2012). This study will give a detailed analysis of Tata Motors Company in order to understand how much enterprise is successful in its ultra-low cost car brand â€Å"Tata Nano† (McLoughlin & Aaker, 2010). The analysis will evaluate Tata Nano’s international marketing strategy with respect to the global market segments. The learning objectives in the study are to understand the position of Tata Nano market and to know how Tata Motors is compelling with its International marketing strategies (Kotler, 2009, pp.46). Background to Tata Motors Tata Motors is one of the major car manufacturing companies of Tata Group, the most recognized group in the Indian conglomerate market. The group is present in 85 countries across the world with a workforce population of 300,000 people working at the same time (Weihrich & Cannice, 2010). The Tata Group has founded 98 companies working in different market and business segments. All of this shows that The Tata Group is a leading benchmark in the Indian stock market and it is with a unified presence in the world’s multinational spectrum (Weihrich & Cannice, 2010, pp.103). Tata Motors is one of the stemming companies of the Tata Group. Along with the manufacturing of different car segments like trucks, trailers, and passenger cars, Tata Motors had found a distinctive recognition in India especially in passenger cars like Tata Nano (Akhanov et al., 2009). The car has become popular just because of its Ultra-Low Cost feature. It has touched the hearts of million Indians, who love the car just because of its cheap and easy to afford characteristics. Tata Motors holding a 15-20 percent share in the Indian passenger car market has stabilized a good position domestically, but due to low international sales volume the brand is weak in the global market domain (Akhanov et al., 2009). Analysis and Assessment of Tata Nano Theory of Blue Ocean Strategy â€Å"In a market there are two formats of industries, red oceans and blue oceans. Red oceans are old industries present with conventional norms and settings in the market while blue oceans are untouched market segments, where there is a space to adjust new products with new trends† (Kim & Mauborgne, 2005). Practice It was the fiscal 2008 when Tata Motors launched Nano on a global stage. The launch ranked the car to the World’s cheapest cars category, where it got available in the price US$2,230. This was the first time that India retrieved such cheapest ca r, which included all the features of a brand new car with the drastic attribute of affordability (Pride & Ferrell, 2011, pp.652). The Nano brought lots of expectations for Tata Motors, where the effort has been to promote it in the European corners. In this respect, the company follows extensive growth strategies to bring the car on the International market segment, where there is a need to understand the global low-cost

A cross sectional study of tension headache among Ahlia University Thesis

A cross sectional study of tension headache among Ahlia University male students in the Kingdom of Bahrain - Thesis Example Technology has become the mantra of this generation. Cyber technology has allowed people to access the world at their fingertips. No matter how comfortable life today is, we cannot deny the fact that more and more people are being stressed a lot. We now live in a fast-paced environment where people wake up early in the morning, start their day with a cup of coffee, and then rush off to school or work. Some even juggle work and school at the same time. Living through a day is one big headache. Sometimes, some detest getting up in the morning. No matter how convenient living in this century is, it does not always equal to happiness. There are events in one’s life that may cause one to be unhappy. These unpleasant events are one of the causes of tension headache. What is tension headache? Tension headache or tension-type headache is the most common type of chronic recurring head pain (Blanda). According to the International Headache Society, tension - type headache is the most co mmon type of primary headache: its lifetime prevalence in the general population ranges in different studies from 30 to 78%. At the same time, it is the least studied of the primary headache disorders, despite the fact that it has the highest socio-economic impact. It can be further classified as episodic headache, chronic tension-type headache.... There may be mild nausea, photophobia or phonophobia. According to Schwartz, Stewart, Simon and Lipton, tension-type headache is a highly prevalent condition. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, tension headaches affects up to 78% of the general population. It is also the most neglected and undertreated type of headache. Tension – type headache has no specific cause. It is often triggered by emotional tension, anxiety, tiredness or stress. It can affect both young and old. Young students who seem to be healthy but have a lifestyle full of stress often put themselves at a very high risk for tension headaches. Treatment goals for tension headache usually includes analgesics and massage therapy. Through the help of evidenced - based practice, new approaches towards tension headache emerged. Physiotherapy has greatly contributed in the treatment of tension headaches. Despite the comfortable lifestyle that people have, the incidence of tension headache is increa sing. There is evidence that biofeedback, yoga and relaxation techniques can help relieve pain and lower the number of headaches (University of Maryland Medical Center). This study focuses on the prevalence of tension headache across college departments as it relates to the difficulty of courses. Statement of the Problem This research aims to look into the relationship of course difficulty and the incidence of tension headache among the male students of Ahlia University in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the frequency of occurrence of tension headache among the respondents? 2. What is the common characteristic of pain among the

Effects of Globalization on Brazil 1163 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effects of Globalization on Brazil 1163 - Essay Example e increased imports causing job losses, rising inequality and homogenization of tastes which may impact local producers adversely (Held and McGrew, 2007). There are multiple causes of globalization like improvement in information technology, opening up of trade, creation of multiple trade regulatory bodies and growth of multinational companies to name a few (Woo, 2009). Brazil, the largest country of South America, was under a military government regime till 1985. Brazil is regarded as a rapidly growing developing country of South America. Brazilian economy is largely dependent on its strong agricultural sector and the industrial sector comprising mining and manufacturing activities (Bengoa and Sanchez-Robles, 2003). Globalization has a massive impact on the economy of Brazil as a whole. Globalization has increased the stability of the Brazilian economy. Increased stability has enhanced the flow of foreign direct investment in the country and many multinational companies have ventured into Brazil. Foreign trade in Brazil have received huge boost from the year 2000 onwards and many researchers have confirmed this to be plausible source of growth of the economy (Bengoa and Sanchez-Robles, 2003). The sudden fall in the global demand had affected Brazil adversely and the export sector had been maligned badly. There was a fall in the price of raw materials and sales of exported goods exacerbated the conditions in Brazil. Brazil has been badly bruised by the global financial crisis. The crisis has highlighted the negative aspects of over-dependence (Kaltenbrunner and Painceira, 2009). Globalization had a positive impact on the healthcare systems of Brazil by raising the commitment of government to prevent environmental degradation. The aim of the government is to reduce emission level by 40% till 2020. Protecting the agricultural sector and environment is an important concern for Brazil in the era of globalization (Alkmim, et al., 2012). Negative impacts of

Term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Term paper - Essay Example It is not a simple task to sum up the framework of present day’s consumer in a singularly described procedure. Not just do consumers' personal requirements show a discrepancy on a case-by-case basis, but also as a collective whole, customers' requirements are growing and have turn out to be a lot more intricate and challenging as compared to previous generations. Businesses are always trying to find techniques to not just meet these high hopes, but also go beyond them. Customers want not only personalized answers to their queries, but are as well trying to find personalization in terms of the approach company and its representatives adopt to take care of them. 2. How do other businesses provide this? Personalized customer service is one of the single most essential factors most organizations fail to notice, although it is the single factor that can in fact create trust with their customers at every step. From the instant they approach the company’s outlet or representat ive to the instant they take delivery of their order, giving personalized customer service will let one’s clients make out that they are the most essential business asset (Barnes, 2000). It does not actually take a lot of creativity to offer this level of service to the clients. Simply think about their opinion. What are their expectations from the company? How do they want to be treated by the company’s representatives? When it is known what is expected from the company, the company should go ahead of it. Do not provide only the smallest levels of service; surpass them on every level of the customer experience. Some of the methods by which other companies are providing personalized customer services are: Computerizing to the extent that is feasible and make it simple to get information regarding the products or services they offer. Offering clients the ability to â€Å"help themselves† gets a lot of the sales stress off and let them come to a decision in their own time. Maintaining stability in customer service from the minute customer places the order to the final follow up, sending them a note following the sale, asking them how they like the performance of the company and if they are happy with the level of service. Offering â€Å"added value† services, for instance, complimentary upgrades or guides. Keeping the clients up to date even after the sale as well as keeping lines of communication open, although not including all the sales publicity every time. Applying a ‘customer first’ environment between the workers and checking that they are following all the way through. Making sure that the staff quickly deals with the complaints. Giving incentive to workers who go that extra mile to think about the customers. This produces an atmosphere of personalized customer service. 3. How have other businesses profited from this? Other businesses are getting profits from personalized customer service in the following ways: Co mpanies start to gain profit from personalized customer service the instant they give their sales team members the power to take decisions on the shop floor. Clients will

Learning Needs Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Learning Needs Assessment - Essay Example For example, in areas involving complex surgical procedures, the volume of interventions and procedures is maintained at a high level in order to improve the outcome. In addition, it was observed that most of the activities are channeled towards the large units of the hospital in a bid to improve the quality of healthcare care. The following table shows the volume of activity and outcome. Number Percentage Surgical procedures 179 86.4% Cancer related procedures 84 40.3% Cardiovascular procedures 68 32.5% Orthopaedic procedures 19 8.7% others 11 4.9% In-patient 21 9.7% Traumatology 11 4.9% Cardiology 4 1.5% emergencies 3 1.0% Pneumology 3 0.5% Intensive care 2 0.5% Nephrology 2 0.5% Mixed (all types of care) 2 0.5% Obstetrics 6 2.4% Safe deliveries 2 0.5% High-risk births 1.0% neonatal intensive care 3 1.0% Outpatients 4 1.5% Total 206 100.0% d) Levels of nursing care staff employed Out of all the respondents that participated in the study, approximately 49% tendered their responses, excluding the wrong addresses. The total of the surveys that were completed was 65, which was 27% of the sample size. The survey revealed that the majority of the nurses worked in regular, full-time basis (60%) or regular and part-times basis (30%). The remaining 10% worked on casual contracts. Also, information was collected regarding the employment settings and status of respondents. Most of the nurses (70%) worked in a hospital setting. There was a good representation from other settings including nursing homes / Long Term Care (LTC) (16%), Home Care (14%), Community Health (8%) and other settings (14%). Most nurses worked in regular, full-time employment (67%) or regular, part-time employment (23%) compared to 10% who worked in casual positions. The level of education for the nursing staff that was interviewed was very diverse, of which 81 % of the staff held diplomas and 24 % held post diploma certification. Of these, 10% had oncology certification from different nursing associ ations, in addition to other oncology courses. Another 5% was found to have completed palliative care certificate courses (Bailey & Corner, 2009). More than 30% of the nurses were holding university degrees with specialization in different medical disciplines. Forty two percent were holders of bachelor degrees while 5% were holders of graduate degrees. Eighty one percent were working in the capacity of staff nursing role while another 7% worked in other roles such as nurse education, nurse consultation, nurse coordination, administration, family practice nursing, research coordination and executive directorship. When the level of nursing care was investigated, it was found that 69% cared for chronic patients, 70 % cared for palliative patients and 65% cared for acute patients. It was also found that a few of the nurses who were interviewed cared for emergency (21%), preventative (29%), and intensive care (16%). As shown in figure 2, these nurses were extensively experienced in cance r care. A good proportion (53%) of them had been employed in a cancer care environment for at least 11 years. Figure 2: The amount of cancer care experience A summary of the results of the educational needs assessment and analysis Identification of the highest priority educational need When the nurses were asked to rate their fields of experience in different fields classified into four types,

Advising the UK government what key actions need to be taken to adapt Essay

Advising the UK government what key actions need to be taken to adapt to and mitigate environmental change during the next 50 years - Essay Example The governing bodies all over the world are in need of having a new perspective on this depleting ecosystem, to preserve it, to provide long term good health for all the people, all over the world. The continued stability of the life supporting systems of the biosphere weighs heavily on the actions taken by the government. With temperatures rising everyday and with pollution going overboard, it is time for the UK government to start taking steps to minimize the rate of depletion, the environment is going through. Thereby, a better future can be ensured in the coming years. Environmental changes refer to the drastic change taking place in air, water, climate and other natural activities, globally. Though climate change has been widely acknowledged, there is still an uncertainty on how large and how fast the predicted effects will be on the environment. Several events in the recent past such as the hurricane Katrina in South Atlantic and the heat waves which took hundreds of lives in Europe, certainly raised questions over stability of climate. All of these cannot be attributed only to climate change. But certainly, it becomes the frontrunner when these events are predicted to occur more in future. Global warming is the main cause for the climate change happening all over the world. Upon closely scrutinizing the available data on climate, it clearly indicates that there is a rapid increase in temperature over the past decade. From the beginning of twentieth century, earth’s surface temperature has increased to 1.4oF (0.7oC) and in this, about 0.9oF (0.5oC) has occurred since 1978. This striking increase in temperature is definitely due to global warming which is further pronounced with the emission of green house gases and air pollution. Global warming is further pronounced with the depletion of ozone layer. It has resulted in the penetration of UV rays into earth and thereby