Essay on The Pros and Cons of Ethnographic Reflexivity

The Advantages and Limits of Ethnographic Reflexivity Awareness of writing choices generates an appreciation of the reflexivity of ethnographic research. Reflexivity involves the recognition that an account of reality does not simply mirror reality but rather creates or constitutes as real in the first place whatever it describes. Thus ‘the notion of reflexivity recognizes that texts do not simply and transparently report an independent order of reality. Rather, the texts themselves are implicated in the work of reality-construction (Emerson et. al., 1995:213). According to Robert M. Emerson and colleagues, reflexivity is a method in which the ethnographer is aware that his/her writing choices are shaped to acknowledge the†¦show more content†¦In her ethnography she writes how she had to reconstruct her â€Å"self† in order to fit in to Japanese society. She looked Japanese but she did not act the way a native Japanese would act. Her informants than taught her how to act like a native and in this process she began to understand aspects of the Japanese culture. She mentions: These factors perhaps gave me a certain kind of participatory understanding of certain aspects of Japanese society. It also meant that, once I became an active participant in various groups (family, factory, etc.) my knowledge was circumscribed. For example, therefore did not have free access to certain people, and I could not ask certain questions that a foreigner less aware of indelicacy could have posed with impunity (84). In forming a self in Japanese society she notes that one is more accessible to gaining further understanding about the culture being studied. Thus, she critiques the traditional ethnographic methods because she finds that older text make objective assumptions that are not necessary the reality of a culture. The assumptions than are seen as the true reality and full understanding of a culture. On the contrary, reflexivity â€Å"implies that ethnographic knowledge is intrinsically incomplete and relative† (84). Thus she suggest, that the best path to studying cultures is to acknowledge our bias, assumptions and that of our informants to trace the â€Å"parameters, theShow MoreRelatedAlternative Learning Systems9735 Words   |  39 Pagesconcept of emotion work. In contrast, Gretchen’s observations show how emotion work can be used to understand the conflict that feminist instructors may encounter when confronting emotional content and experiences in the classroom. Appl ying this reflexivity to our classrooms gave us unique insight into the experiences of oppression of our students. As a result, we were both sympathetic and empathetic to our students, and we wanted to resist modes of oppression wherever possible. For example, in Kylie’sRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness and plurality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihaela L. Kelemen, Professor of Management Studies, Keele University, UK An unusually rich and deep philosophical book

Changing The Music Industry As We Know It - 1945 Words

As time continues to change, so does the music industry as we know it. Artists of different races, genders, and differing music styles continue to emerge and create top hits on the charts. However, some of these artists chose not to associate with major record labels, or sell any of their music to them. These are the people bringing about the real changes that ought to be recognized and discussed. For this paper, I decided to look at the group Postmodern Jukebox, their background as a group, their style of music, and route they chose in this business. I believe groups like Postmodern Jukebox are changing the music industry as we know it through their commitment to producing unique music, and allowing for a diverse following that encourages living out your own true identity. According to the group’s official website, Postmodern Jukebox was founded by a young college drop out, Scott Bradlee, who was struggling with ideas of how to pay off his student debt when he reached out to former college friends and talented musicians Chris Anderson, Ben Golder-Novick, Brandee Younger and Emma Walker to record a song together (PostmodernJukebox.com, n.d.). From there, Postmodern Jukebox began to remake many popular pop songs with their own unique twist, with the first song they recorded together as a group being Lady Gaga’s song â€Å"Paparazzi, that was later posted on Youtube to become a huge success for them (PostmodernJukebox.com, n.d.). Starting a Youtube channel seems to be an upShow MoreRelatedAffect of Technology in Music Industry Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe music industry has come a long way since those dreadful days of the mono recordings. Back then, artists, producers, and engineers didnt have as much of a choice of what equipment that would use to get their recordings done. With the advancement in technology and new innovations constantly being created in the music industry, the opportunities are endless. If you look up the definition of te chnology you will see the words industry and commerce, which to me just means growth and development. TechnologyRead MoreEssay on Music and Its Influence884 Words   |  4 PagesMusic and it’s influence It is no doubt that music has played a vital role in our society. Everything from loud, head-banging concerts to religious ceremonies have utilized the medium of music because of its awe-inspiring qualities. Music is basically the control of sound. We can control this sound by varying the pitch, tempo, octaves, dynamics and so on. There are thousands of ways that we can use music and to shape it to how we want to hear it. But how much has music influenced the way weRead MoreMusic And Its Effect On The Music Industry1216 Words   |  5 PagesMusic plays a very vital role in every person’s life. Music can change the emotions and senses of a person. No one can actually describe to what extent music is importance but certainly it has a crucial role. Time has been changing with various artists and the creativity has been changing but the music lovers are still the same as they appreciate and receive the music to the same extent as usual. What are the ways to enjoy music and the di fferent forms to access it? Music can be purchased, sharedRead MoreBecoming A Singer / Songwriter1322 Words   |  6 Pagesspan for years until breaching the point of success. This particular field confuses people, mainly due to the label as both a singer and a songwriter. Most people who listen to the radio only know who sings the song. They often to not familiarize themselves to who wrote the words to the song. Many of today’s music artists that are played on the radio do not write their own material. Some singers do write, but I have noticed that most that are credited to songwriting credits are penned with several otherRead MoreThe Culture Of The Music Industry1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe music industry is a diverse and ever-changing industry that has come a long way since its emergence in the mid 1600’s. (Morton) It now resides in a world that is almost entirely digital. According to Jerry Flattum, â€Å"The history of music publishing is really the history of the songs that made publishing possible. Every publisher’s success and reputation was based on it’s catalog, and mostly, how many hit songs were in that catalog.† (Flattum) In the very beginning on the music publishing industryRead MoreHow Intercultural Communication Works At The Site With Examples1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe site was chosen in assignment two and is the 2015 Aria Awards, which is an annual event, held annually in Sydney exclusively for the music industry. The Aria Awards were chosen has been chosen as I work in the music industry and have a passion for new and existing talent. The Aria Awards involves forms of intercultural communication in various areas and situations that can be detailed in three theories. Identifying or focusing on three situations on a particular aspect of the site and providingRead MoreWhat Kind Of Music Do You Like?1582 Words   |  7 PagesKaili Molina Feature Writing Final Article :3 11/14/14 What kind of music do you like to listen to? Pop, hip-hop, R B, or maybe Jazz; either way, you have the entire music world at your fingertips. With the amount of advanced technology in today’s generation, it’s amazing the things you can do; from being able to connect with your favorite artist via YouTube through products like Justin Beiber’s perfume, and even going as far as connecting with artists on social media like Facebook and TwitterRead MoreGlobalization in the Music industry1293 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Globalization in the Music Industry Jonathan Ben Ami ACOM 388 The music industry has been around for over two centuries (PBS). Its volatility can be measured by its ability to shift and change according to its time period, the technologies that arise through the ages and the public’s shift in musical taste. The music industry is comprised of many different components, organizations and individuals that operate within it. Some of these componentsRead MoreDiscuss the Impact of Digital Technology on the Production and Distribution of Music.1547 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies past, music has seen leaps and bounds in the enhancement of theory, instruments, and recording arts. The first major leap was the invention of the piano in 1709 by Bartolomeo Cristofori. From that first major step came the introduction of electronic instruments short after the harnessing of electricity which came in the early 19th century. Soon after that came recording and then on to synthesizers and eventually digital recording. As computers were introduced to societ y, computer music was alsoRead MoreHip-Hop’s Beneficial Influences on Teens1081 Words   |  5 PagesHip-Hop’s Beneficial Influences Hip Hop is a genre of music that was born around 70’s. This type of music doesn’t really involve singing but words that are spoken. Hip Hop is in a poetic form with simple phrases and it usually has end rhyme. The music genre known as Hip-Hop produces positive effects on teenagers of this generation. Hip Hop is this great form of music that is very much poetic and almost hypnotizing. It uses old classics of music that people already love and throws funky looped beats

Business Continuity Plan free essay sample

This particular portion of the plan and execution is essential in the timing of a companys emergency evacuations within their structure and within the community. A major aspect of crisis management and disaster response includes planning to stay in business after an event occurs (Le Pree, 2007). The purpose of creating and developing immediate response coordination is to ensure Phoenix remain operation while focusing on recovery operations through and after the emergency situation. Steps to safeguard the organization and its assets are also a part of crisis management. Without proper integration of an immediate response plan, the actions taken can become a solitary approach, which is not an efficient way to handle emergency response or crisis. For this reason it is important to keep the process integrated vertically and horizontally (Le Pree, 2007, p. 4). Essentially, developing plans and drills, and employing those strategies from one department to another, keep an organization safe and in business. By simply integrating these emergency or incident responses with internal nd external parties will help processors cope when a crisis occurs. Resourcing the Aftermath In the event of a major disaster it is critical for Phoenix to identify the resources necessary to meet the needs of displaced workers, injured personnel, address related family and community needs. Phoenix will maintain command control elements in execution of this business continuity plan and ensure effective follow- through. The assigned leadership will direct all internal and external communications that comes from the organization. When a disaster happens and there are displaced workers there are many issues that will need to be addressed. Phoenix will determine the immediate future plans and opportunity for a return to work. If employees are displaced for a long amount of time, or even permanently, different options will be made available. As a minimum, Phoenix will work with the human resources department to find possible Jobs in other locations. A relocation package will be made available if a person is chosen or chooses for transfer. According to Workforce Management Online, employers should consider whether affected employees could be transferred to other operations in surrounding areas, so that valuable skills and experience are not lost. Once the organization rebuilds, mployees will be an integral part of returning to the area and re-establishing operations (Barron, Phipps and Steinmeyer, 2005). Phoenix will offer additional training so employees can either work to reintegrate into another facet of the organization, or at least be better prepared to enter the Job market and seek other additional support. The org anization will establish a pledge through a legal contact that will assist with medical issues, counseling, and retraining to return to the work force. Phoenix recognizes a disaster can be quite traumatic and remains to be committed to support the employee and their family during this time. Phoenix will ensure its 24 hour care and assistance program is available for all of its employees for comfort and support throughout the event and the immediate aftermath. Phoenix will stand by its pledge, Mission first-People always. Business Continuity Plan The Phoenix Chemical Company is a small size industry that will benefit deeply of a Business Continuity Plan (BCP). A Business Continuity Plan serves as a guide for employees to know what to do in case of disaster. As mentioned above there is various steps that have to be taken to complete a BCP: coordinated, communicate, dentify needs/ risk, alternatives, involve, and test plan. To begin the business continuity plane the company has to coordinate who will lead and implement the plan. The coordinator will be the shift leader of the shift running at that exact moment, because of the training and experience this employee has. The BCP should include emergency contact information, backup suppliers, and a detailed recovery plan in ca se of any serious issue. A list of employees name, phone number, and Job position should also be located in the plan. Communication among management and employees is a key factor to manage the business continuity plan. Inform employees of any suspicious activity that may case danger like for example: weather, chemical spills, gas leaks, and machinery not functioning. The plan the will continue with the risk and needs of the industry. Employees needs are very important their safety and security has to be priority. In case of a disaster occurring employees need to have a security that they will still have their Job. The risk that The Phoenix Chemical Company face is the following: fire, floods, and tornadoes. Having insurance to protect the company is very important with these precautions the company has to ake other measures. Management and company owners have to meet with the local fire department to assure that the company is in compliant with state law. Informal trainings will take place biweekly and as needed to pass on daily safety guidelines. Have monthly fire drills without informing employees that they will take place. If a disaster occurs in any of the companies there has to be alternatives that will help employees to keep working without assets being lost. If a flood watch is in effect in the Boston, Massachusetts Company the shift leader in charge would call and inform all customers. Then they would inform employees to protect companys assets by relocating any items to a safer area. Employees work is voluble so they will be called and informed when they will be back at work. Finally for the business continuity plan to function every step has to be rested. If tested and it is not adequate or compliant with company and employees it should be modified and retested till it is beneficial to employees and to the industry. Roles and Responsibilities In response to large-scale disasters many key personnel and decision makers will be required to implement organizational policies, procedures, and plans. First esponders, federal, state, local government, and private sectors are critical be limited to; local fire fghters, law enforcement, and EMS. These community partners will be primarily tasked with rescuing and treating victims. First responders in conjunction with other planners will outline their capabilities and will identify all on-going changes in regards to their co ntributions related to emergency response. Continuous improvements will include command and control responsibilities, planning, changing equipment, evolving industry tactics, and continuing scenario development

Rizal and Other Heroes free essay sample

Joss Racial was a Filipino polymath, nationalist and the most prominent advocate for reforms in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era and its eventual independence from Spain. He is considered a national hero and the anniversary of Racals death is commemorated as a Philippine holiday called Racial Day. Racals 1896 military trial and execution made him a martyr of the Philippine Revolution.He is the seventh of eleven children born to a middle class family in the town of Callable, Laguna, Racial attended the Atone Municipal De Manila and then traveled alone to Madrid, Spain where he tidied medicine at the universal Central De Madrid, earning the degree of Licentiate in Medicine. He attended the University of Paris and earned a second doctorate at the the University Of Heidelberg. Racial was a polyglot conversant in at least ten languages. He was a prolific poet, essayist, diarist, correspondent, and novelist whose most famous works were his two novels, Noel me T anger and El Filibusterers. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal and Other Heroes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These are social commentaries on the Philippines that formed the nucleus of literature that inspired dissent among peaceful reformists and spurred the militancy of armed revolutionaries against 333 years of Spanish rule. As a political figure, Racial was the founder of La Alga Filipino, a civic organization that subsequently gave birth to the Justinian led by Boniface and Continual. He was a proponent of institutional reforms by peaceful means rather than by violent revolution. The general consensus among Racial scholars, however, attributed his martyred death as the catalyst that precipitated the Philippine Revolution.Andrea Boniface was the son of Santiago Boniface and Catalina De Castro on November 30, 1863. Andrea Boniface only finished primary school because at a young age of 14, his parents have died and he was forced to stop his tidies and take care of his younger brothers and sisters. He worked as a messenger of Fleming and Company and since his earnings there was insufficient; he moved to Foresee and Company and worked as an agent there. Despite his lack of proper education, he studied on his own through reading. He likes to write poetry and also became as a moor-moor stage actor.He became a passionate Filipino nationalist and when Jose Racial had established the La Alga Filipino, Andrea Boniface was a member. When Jose Racial was deported to Adaptation, he immediately organized the ASK or the Stagnating Egalitarianism Justinian Eng mega knack Eng banyan. ASK had quickly spread to different parts of the country in 1894 and in May of 1896, he felt like he could lead a successful revolution but before he could set out his plans; the secret society was discovered by the Spanish authorities.In Pagan Lawn, Cloacae, Andrea Boniface together with the thousands of Stationeries assembled and tore their cedillas. He had formed an assembly in Testers, Cavity to establish the Republic of the Philippines. Emilio Continual was elected as the first president of the Philippines while Andrea Boniface was elected as Secretary of the Interior. Since he did not have a good educational background, his qualifications were questioned by Daniel Tirana. He was offended by this and declared the election to be void. He then moved to Manic, Cavity to create his own government and formed his own army.While Andrea Boniface was in Manic, Emilio Continual and his forces gained more success and control over some towns. When Andrea Boniface left Manic, Emilio Continual ordered for his arrest but Boniface resisted the arrest and he was tried in court and was sentenced to death by the military tribunal. Andrea Boniface was executed in Marooned, Cavity by Emilio Gondolas en on May 10, 1897. Today, Andrea Boniface is being regarded as a National Hero and Boniface Day is being celebrated every 30th of November in honor of his heroism.Application Mamboing was a Filipino political philosopher and revolutionary. He wrote the constitution for the first Philippine republic of 1899-1901 and served as the first prime minister in 1899. He has been called the Brains of the Revolution. Another moniker is the Sublime Paralytic because he was paralyzed by polio. His most popular work is his Decoupage for Filipinos. Emilio Jack onto, who gave light to the Justinian, as born in Torso, Manila to Marino Action, a bookkeeper, and Josef Dijon. Despite the familys acute financial conditions, Action received a good education.In 1894, at the age of 1 9, he joined the Justinian where Boniface befriended him. To Boniface, Action was the Soul of the society. In the Justinian elections of December 31, 1895, Action, only a pre-law student in the university of Santos Tomato, was elected fiscal or number b. vow man in the Supreme Council. His enthusiasm, ideals and spirit soon guided the course of the secret revolutionary society. He wrote the Sartorially Eng Justinian (Primer of the Justinian), and the oath of membership, which served as guiding principles of the Stationeries.CONCLUSION: Racial, Boniface, Mamboing and Action were all Filipino leaders, nationalists, political and social commentators who helped our country to rise and to build our own nation and culture. They considered to be a rare comet who indeed shines as a guiding stars for us students. They were an individual, Malay, who embodied a noble spirit and a great mind who used it for the liberation of the powerless and poor. They enhance the hope of inspiring others to imitate they great and passionate drive.

Discovery Writing Paper 2

Discovery Writing Paper 2 Discovery Writing Paper 2 Running Head: Develop a 5-7 page paper that provides the following: a) part one provides an overview of thr theories presented about race, gender, sexualities, and social class; b) part two provides possible application of these theories to our understanding of what it means to be a person with erotic or sexual agency (control over one’s body, how it is treated, how it is treated, how it experiences pleasure) Titilayo Sanni November 3rd 2014 Proffesor: Dr. Cherie Ann Turpin General Education: Foundation Writing in Arts and Humanties IGED 210-06 2:00-3:20 Monday & Wednesday Develop a 5-7 page paper that provides the following: a) part one provides an overview of thr theories presented about race, gender, sexualities, and social class; b) part two provides possible application of these theories to our understanding of what it means to be a person with erotic or sexual agency (control over one’s body, how it is treated, how it is treated, how it experiences pleasure) After reading Cum Guzzling anal nurse whore: a feminist porn star manifesta notes by Lorelei Lee, she believed the theories presented about Gender, race, sexuality, and social class that even in todays age, gender roles still matters,even those of us who deeply question compulsory assignment of gender roles still get very excited by playing with masculinity and femininity at various ends of the spectrum and everything in-between. Lorelei lee is describe herself as a feminist by birth, she was raised with feminism the same way are raised with religion. Lorelei is a pornstar who have been in the porn industry for over 10 years. She learned who she was in terms of her sexual and gender identity by pretending in a very exaggerated way, to be who she wasnt. To her, race, class, gender, and sexuality are not fixed systems or traits of individuals because they are negotiated and contested every day in social relationships. Lee stated that in 2003 there was a study conducted at Ohio Universi ty which revealed that women are just as interested in sex as the opposite gender. The study reported that women’s (sexual activity) was closer to men’s than previously thought, meaning that women not only engage in sex often, but that they enjoy it just as much as men do. A troubling fact also came from the study was that â€Å"women who thought their (sexual history) might be seen by others tended to give answers that were more socially acceptable†, meaning women still fell the societal pressure to hide their sexuality. This is why she believed pornography was good for women because of the sexually explicit imagery in which women are shown giving performative demonstrations of their own sexual power is imagery that can transform the cultural paradigm and ultimately change the world and have the no shame in letting their pattners know what and how to please them sexuality. When women managers fail to promote other women because they believe that women are less capable than men. They also reinforce structures of race,class,gender,and sexuality dominanc. The same structure that have restricted their own lives. Lee introduced a shift in sexual standards for women, but she structured hierarchies of race, class and gender remained firmly intact. The middle class and working class faced very different expectations due to differing circumstances. According to Lorelei Every social situation is affected by

The Ultimate Guide to the AP Statistics Exam

The Ultimate Guide to the AP Statistics Exam SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking AP Statistics? If so, you're likely wondering what to expect from the AP Statistics exam. Before you sit down to take the final test, it's important to understand how the AP Stats test is formatted, what topics it will cover, and how it'll be scored. This guide will explain all of that information, show you official sample problems and give you tips on the best way to prepare for the AP Statistics test. In 2020, the AP Statistics exam will take place on Friday, May 15th at 12:00pm. How Is the AP Statistics Exam Structured? How long is the AP Statistics exam? The test is a total of three hours long and contains two sections: multiple choice and free response. You're allowed a graphing calculator for the entire exam. Multiple-Choice Section 40 multiple-choice questions 90 minutes long Worth 50% of exam score You can spend an average of a little more than two minutes on each multiple-choice question and finish the section in time. Free-Response Section 5 short-answer questions 1 Investigative Task 90 minutes long Worth 50% of exam score The five short-answer questions are meant to each be solved in about 12 minutes, and the Investigative Task is meant to be solved in about 30 minutes. What Does the AP Statistics Exam Test You On? The content of the AP Stats exam and course is centered around four major topics. Below are the four topics, along with what percentage of the exam will be on them and all the topics that fall beneath each of them. The list covers every single topic that the AP Statistics exam could test you on. #1: Exploring Data: Describing Patterns and Departures From Patterns (20-30%) Constructing and interpreting graphical displays of distributions of univariate data (dotplot, stemplot, histogram, cumulative frequency plot) Center and spread Clusters and gaps Outliers and other unusual features Shape Summarizing distributions of univariate data Measuring center: median, mean Measuring spread: range, interquartile range, standard deviation Measuring position: quartiles, percentiles, standardized scores (z-scores) Using boxplots The effect of changing units on summary measures Comparing distributions of univariate data (dotplots, back-to-back stemplots, parallel boxplots) Comparing center and spread: within group, between group variation Comparing clusters and gaps Comparing outliers and other unusual features Comparing shapes Exploring bivariate data Analyzing patterns in scatterplots Correlation and linearity Least-squares regression line Residual plots, outliers, and influential points Transformations to achieve linearity: logarithmic and power transformations Exploring categorical data Frequency tables and bar charts Marginal and joint frequencies for two-way tables Conditional relative frequencies and association Comparing distributions using bar charts #2: Sampling and Experimentation: Planning and Conducting a Study (10-15%) Planning and conducting experiments Characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted experiment Treatments, control groups, experimental units, random assignments and replication Sources of bias and confounding, including placebo effect and blinding Completely randomized design Randomized block design, including matched pairs design Overview of methods of data collection Census Sample survey Experiment Observational study Planning and conducting surveys Characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted survey Populations, samples, and random selection Sources of bias in sampling and surveys Sampling methods, including simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling Generalizability of results and types of conclusions that can be drawn from observational studies, experiments, and surveys #3: Anticipating Patterns: Exploring Random Phenomena Using Probability and Simulation (20-30%) The normal distribution Properties of the normal distribution Using tables of the normal distribution The normal distribution as a model for measurements Probability Interpreting probability, including long-run relative frequency interpretation "Law of Large Numbers" concept Addition rule, multiplication rule, conditional probability, and independence Discrete random variables and their probability distributions, including binomial and geometric Simulation of random behavior and probability distributions Mean (expected value) and standard deviation of a random variable, and linear transformation of a random variable Combining independent random variables Notion of independence versus dependence Mean and standard deviation for sums and differences of independent random variables Sampling distributions Sampling distribution of a sample proportion Sampling distribution of a sample mean Central Limit Theorem Sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample proportions Sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample means Simulation of sampling distributions t-distribution Chi-square distribution #4: Statistical Inference: Estimating Population Parameters and Testing Hypotheses (30-40%) Estimation (point estimators and confidence intervals) Estimating population parameters and margins of error Properties of point estimators, including unbiasedness and variability Logic of confidence intervals, meaning of confidence level and confidence intervals, and properties of confidence intervals Large sample confidence interval for a proportion Large sample confidence interval for a difference between two proportions Confidence interval for a mean Confidence interval for a difference between two means (unpaired and paired) Confidence interval for the slope of a least-squares regression line Tests of Significance Logic of significance testing, null and alternative hypotheses; p-values; one- and two-sided tests; concepts of Type I and Type II errors; concept of power Large sample test for a proportion Large sample test for a difference between two proportions Test for a mean Test for a difference between two means (unpaired and paired) Chi-square test for goodness of fit, homogeneity of proportions, and independence (one- and two-way tables) Test for the slope of a least-squares regression line AP Statistics Sample Questions As we mentioned above, there are three types of questions on the AP Stats exam: multiple choice, short answer, and investigative task. Below are examples of each question type. You can see more sample questions and answer explanations in the AP Statistics Course Description. Multiple-Choice Sample Question There are 40 multiple-choice questions on the exam. Each has five answer options. Some questions will be accompanied by a chart or graph you need to analyze to answer the question. Short-Answer Sample Question There are five short-answer questions on the AP Stats test. Each of these questions typically includes several different parts you need to answer. You're expected to spend about 12 minutes on each short-answer question. Investigative Task Sample Question The final question on the exam is the Investigative Task question. This is the most in-depth question on the test, and you should spend about 30 minutes answering it. It will have multiple parts you need to answer and require multiple statistics skills. You'll also need to provide a detailed explanation of your answers that shows the strength of your statistics skills. Be sure to show all your work as you'll be graded on the completeness of your answer. How Is the AP Statistics Test Graded? For the multiple-choice part of the exam, you earn one point for each question you answer correctly. There are no point deductions for incorrect answers or questions you leave blank. Official AP graders will grade your free-response questions. Each of the six free-response questions is scored on a scale of 0 to 4 points, so the total section is out of 24 points. The free-response questions are graded holistically, which means, instead of getting a point or half a point for each bit of correct information you include, graders look at your answer to each question as a "complete package," and your grade is awarded on the overall quality of your answer. The grading rubric for each free-response question is: 4: Complete Response: Shows complete understanding of the problem's statistical components 3: Substantial Response: May include arithmetic errors, but answers are still reasonable and show substantial understanding of the problem's statistical components 2: Developing Response: May include errors that result in some unreasonable answers, but shows some understanding of the problem's statistical components 1: Minimal Response: Misuses or fails to use appropriate statistical techniques and shows only a limited understanding of statistical components by failing to identify important components 0: No Response: Shows little or no understanding of statistical components What does holistic grading mean for you? Basically, you can't expect to earn many points by including a few correct equations or arithmetic answers if you're missing key statistical analysis. You need to show you understand how to use stats to get a good score on these questions. Estimating Your AP Statistics Score If you take a practice AP Stats exam (which you should!) you'll want to get an estimate of what your score on it is so you can get an idea of how well you'd do on the real exam. To estimate your score, you'll need to do a few calculations. 1. Multiply the number of points you got on the multiple-choice section by 1.25 2. For free-response questions 1 through 5, add the number of points you got together and multiply that sum by 1.875 (don't round). If you need help estimating your score, the official free-response questions we linked to above include sample responses to help you get an idea of the score you'd get for each question. 3. For free-response question #6, multiply your score by 3.125. 4. Add the scores you got in steps 1-3 together to get your Composite Score. For example, say you got 30 questions correct on the multiple-choice section, 13 points on questions 1-5, and 2 points on question 6. Your score would be (30 x 1.25) + (13 x 1.875) + (2 x 3.125) = 68.125 which rounds to 68 points. By looking at the chart below, you can see that'd get you a 4 on the AP Statistics exam. Below is a conversion chart so you can see how raw score ranges translate into final AP scores. I've also included the percentage of students who earned each score in 2017 to give you an idea of what the score distribution looks like: Composite Score AP Score Percentage of Students Earning Each Score (2017) 70-100 5 13.6% 57-69 4 15.9% 44-56 3 24.8% 33-43 2 20.2% 0-32 1 25.5% Source: The College Board Where Can You Find Practice AP Stats Tests? Practice tests are an important part of your AP Stats prep. There are official and unofficial AP Stats practice tests available. Below are some of the best practice tests to use. Official Practice Tests 2012 Complete Practice Test 1997 Complete Practice Test Free-Response Questions 1998-2017 Unofficial Practice Tests Barron's Practice Test To learn more about where to find AP Statistics practice tests and how to use them, check out our complete guide to AP Statistics practice exams. 3 Tips for the AP Statistics Exam In this section we go over three of the most useful tips you can use when preparing for and taking the AP Statistics test. Follow these and you're more likely to get a great score on the exam. #1: For Free Response, Answer the Entire Question As we mentioned earlier, free-response questions on AP Stats are graded holistically, which means you'll get one score for the entire question. This is different from many other AP exams where each correct component you include in a free-response question gets you a certain number of points, and those points are then added up to get your total score for that question. The Stats free-response questions are graded holistically because there are often multiple correct answers in statistics depending on how you solve the problem and explain your answer. This means you can't just answer part of the question and expect to get a good score, even if you've answered that part perfectly. If you've ignored a large part of the problem, your score will be low no matter what. So instead of trying to get a point here and there by including a correct formula or solving one part of a question, make sure you're looking at the entire problem and answering it as completely as possible. Also, if you need to include an explanation, be sure it explains your thought process and the steps you took. If your explanation shows you understand important stats concepts, it could help you get a higher score even if your final answer isn't perfect. Aiming for the most complete response possible is also important if you can't answer one part of a question that's needed to answer other parts. For example, if you can't figure out what the answer to part A is, but you need to use that answer for parts B and C, just make up an answer (try to keep it logical), and use that answer to solve the other parts, or explain in detail how you'd solve the problem if you knew what the answer to part A was. If you can show you know how to solve the latter problems correctly, you'll likely get some credit for showing you understand the stats concepts being tested. #2: Know How to Use Your Calculator You'll need a graphing calculator to answer pretty much every question on the Stats exam, so make sure you know how to use it. Ideally, the calculator you use on test day will be the same one you've been doing homework and taking tests with throughout the school year so you know exactly how to use it. Knowing how to solve common stats functions on your calculator and interpret the answers you get will save you a lot of time on the exam. Your calculator will likely be most useful on the multiple-choice section where you don't need to worry about showing work. Just plug in the data you're given into your calculator, and run the right equations. Then you'll have your answer! #3: Know Your Vocabulary You may think that since AP Stats is a math course, vocab won't be an important part of the test, but you need to know quite a few terms to do well on this exam. Confusing right- and left-skewed or random sampling and random allocation, for example, could lead to you losing tons of points on the test. During the school year, stay on top of any new terms you learn in class. Making flashcards of the terms and quizzing yourself regularly is a great way to stay up-to-date on vocab. Many AP Stats prep books also include a glossary of important terms you can use while studying. Before the AP Stats exam, you should know all important terms like the back of your hand. Having a general idea isn't good enough. A big part of stats is being able to support your answers, and to do this you'll often need to use stats vocab in your explanations. Just stating the term won't earn you nearly as many points as being able to explain what the term is and how it supports your answer, so make sure you really know your vocab well. Summary: Statistics AP Exam The AP Statistics exam is three hours long and consists of 40 multiple-choice questions and six free-response questions. The content of the exam covers four main areas: exploring data, sampling and experimentation, anticipating patterns, and statistical inference. To prepare well for AP Stats exam questions, it's important to take practice exams and know how to grade them so you can estimate how well you'd do on the actual test. When studying for the AP exam, remember to answer the entire question for free response, know how to use your calculator, and be on top of stats vocabulary. What's Next? Feel the need to do some quick reviewing after looking through what'll be covered on the AP Stats exam? Take a spin through our guide to statistical significance to refresh yourself on how to run a t-test. How difficult is AP Stats compared to other AP classes? Get the answer by reading our guide to the hardest AP exams and classes. Wondering which other math classes you should take besides statistics? Math is often the trickiest subject to choose classes for, but our guide will help you figure out exactly which math classes to take for each year of high school. A prep book can be one of your best study resources for the AP Stats exam. But which prep book should you choose? Check out our guide to AP Stats prep books to learn which is the best and which you should avoid. 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Critique on Salvador Dali's Persistence of Memory Essay

Critique on Salvador Dali's Persistence of Memory - Essay Example The essay "Critique on Salvador Dali's Persistence of Memory" aims to analyze Salvador Dali's famous painting called "Persistence of Memory". When one thinks of eccentric modern painters, one of the first names that come to mind is that of Salvador Dali. Perhaps Dali’s most well-known artwork, and certainly the one that made him famous, is his painting â€Å"Persistence of Memory,† originally called â€Å"Melting Clocks.† By analyzing this surrealistic piece of art, one can begin to understand the concepts behind the â€Å"visual aesthetic thought† triangle â€Å"Surrealism attempts to further our understanding of the human condition by seeking ways of fusing together our perceived conscious reality with our unconscious dream state†). The Spanish painter became well-known in his lifetime for his unusual way of looking at things and his willingness to share these visions with the greater world population. Dali's images - his bent watches, his figures , halfhuman, half chest of drawers – have made him the most famous of all Surrealist painters†. Typically painting images he saw in dreams or nightmares and consistently pushing the envelope in terms of subject matter, Dali had a wide range of interests that became reflected in his artwork, such as the work of psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud or the mathematical genius of Albert Einstein, both of whose work have been associated with this painting. To create this painting in 1931, Dali said his limp watches were inspired by the remains of a very strong Camembert cheese.